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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice.
Overview; Morphology and physiology of rice ratoons; Rice ratooning in practice; Evaluation and potential of rice ratooning; Cultural practices; Genetics and varietal improvement.
Rhizobium-legume interactions. Genesis of root nodules and the of host genes. Developmental aspects of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Host genetics of the nodulation phenotype. Hormones and nodule formation: cytokinin induction of the Sesbania rostrata early nodulin Enod2. Regul?ation of nodulation genes. Oligosaccharins - oligosaccharides with regulatory functions. The lipo-oligosaccharidic nodulation signals of Rhizobium meliloti. Role of exopolysaccharides in nodulation. Bacterial entry into roots. Nonlegume N2-fixing asociations. Symbiosis with frankia. Exploring new soil bacteria. Rhizobium nodulation of nonlegumes. Nodulation genes and biosynthesis of inodule acetic acid (IAA) in Azospirillum brasilense. Ammonium excretion by NilflL mutants of Azotobacter vinelandii. Genetics of associative nitrogen fixation in wheat. Potential for development of novel N2-fixing associations. Potential andlimitations of developing new plant-microbe interactions. Application of present knowledge on rhizobial host specificity to obtain efficientnodulation and nitrogen fixation of rice. Genetic transformation of rice and molecular basic of agroinfection. Nitrogen fixation in para-nodulated wheat. Invasion of nonlegume plants by diazotrophic bacteria. Development of nodulelike structure on rice roots.
The Rice Genetics Collection of past symposia and other selected literature contains nearly 4,400 pages of searchable information on rice genetics and cytogenetics published by the IRRI and its partners since 1964. In addition to the five genetics symposia held at 5-year intervals since 1985, the collection contains classic publications that kicked off significant reporting on these subjects in the early 1960s. This collection is a comprehensive and historical documentation on the subject of rice genetics, spanning 45 years of research and scholarly work.Held in 1995 and published the following year, Rice Genetics III contains 138 chapters from various contributors on topics dealing with rice genetic research, including varietal differentiation and evolution; genetics of morphological and physiological traits and disease resistance; cytogenetics; tissue and cell culture; molecular mapping of genes; map-based gene cloning; molecular genetics of cytoplasmic male sterility; transformation; gene isolation, characterization, and expression; genetic diversity in pathogen populations; and rice research priorities.
Rice weeds: Broadleaf weeds; Grass weeds; Sedges; Ferns.