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Further reform of Hungary's new system for financing local government should strengthen local own- source revenues and should revise the normative grant, simplifying it and making allowances for local governments' revenue- raising capacity.
Public finance reform is simultaneously a process of fiscal adjustment and structural reforms in the public sector. Under socialist rule, Hungary's concept of public finance was nebulous, since there was no clear delineation between private and public sectors. As a transition country, structural reforms were aimed at creating not only sustainable institutional arrangements but were aimed at creating a government sector adapted to a market economy as well. The former socialist states were forced into abrupt transitions; and there was little time for minds and institutions to adapt. This volume aims to provide a comprehensive description of Hungary's experience of public finance reform in a former socialist economy, including: a history of the reform process; an empirical analysis of trends in public spending and revenues; evidence of Hungary's ability to move towards accession to the European Union (EU); a description of policy reforms in the public welfare system; an analysis of the reforms in key aspects of the institutional framework; and an examination of the tax system.
This paper presents an update to the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) on Fiscal Transparency for Hungary. The paper discusses that from 2004, and in the context of the 2004 budget law, the use of privatization receipts has been limited to financing infrastructure development projects included in the central budget and approved by Parliament. Hungary’s 2003 Pre-Accession Economic Program submitted to the European Commission improved its analysis of medium-term fiscal risks and provided an estimate of the structural fiscal deficit.
This report provides an assessment of fiscal transparency practices in Hungary in relation to the requirements of the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency. The report reveals that Hungary has increased its level of transparency in a number of areas since the last fiscal Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes in 2001. In particular, the coverage of fiscal reporting and the budget has been considerably extended. Fiscal reporting now covers virtually all of general government.
Modernisation of the public sector, reforming intergovernmental fiscal relations, enhancing the local capacity to implement local strategies, and developing the legislative and institutional framework for efficient delivery of public services are among the biggest challenges in transition economies. Hungary has been a pioneer in local government reform and the Hungary Subnational Development Program (SNDP) proves the value of an integrated approach.
This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) data module provides a substantive update on the assessment of Hungary’s government finance statistics against the Special Data Dissemination Standard, complemented by an assessment of data quality based on the IMF’s Data Quality Assessment Framework. Significant improvements in addressing the shortcomings identified in the original ROSC data module have been made. These improvements relate mainly to the institutional coverage of general government, consolidation of data, and so on. Significant progress has also been made toward the adoption of the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 framework.
This Selected Issues paper describes and discusses potential implications of recent changes in Hungary’s public debt strategy. Special attention is paid to the motivation for, and recent experiences with, the “Hungarian Government Security Plus Scheme” (MÁP+) for physical persons, introduced in June 2019. One of the main benefits of retail bonds is that they usually are perceived as more stable funding. However, it is argued that MÁP+ should be continuously monitored to ensure its objectives are achieved in the most cost-efficient manner and to avoid unintended distortions. The paper also focuses on specific public debt management policies in Hungary and it briefly discusses experiences with the retail bond programs in other countries but focuses mainly on the MÁP+ bond, the initial experience with this bond, and elaborates on its potential implications. MÁP+ has many reasonable objectives, although some of them, such as higher a savings rate of households and reduced external indebtedness, are to a major extent driven by macroeconomic policies. Going forward, the question remains whether these objectives can be achieved by appreciably lower cost to the budget given less expensive alternative funding sources and policy options. Public debt management also needs to respond to changing market conditions.