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This is the the first comprehensive and authoritative work covering the entire public sector in India, including public sector enterprises such as banks, insurance companies, railways and so on.
Empirical study of the Heavy Engineering Corporation, Ranchi.
Public enterprises have played a central part in the development of all mixed economies in the post-war period, but they are now in a crisis phase. Privatisation has pushed back the level of public enterprise almost throughout the world. Where public enterprises remain, they are being brought under significant reforms. Originally published in 1991, this book presents a comprehensive critique of public enterprise, analysing why its performance has fallen far short of expectations. Part one is concerned with the establishment of public enterprises: the case for them, the circumstances in which they emerged, the extra enterprise objectives attached to them, and the decisions on their investment feasibility and capital structure. Part two looks at the working of public enterprises: the state of their financial performance, the peculiarities of pricing, the determination of targets which they should meet, the continuous monitoring and evaluation of their operations. Macro concerns are the focus of Part three. Among the issues addressed are the level of indirect taxation and subsidisation implicit in the pricing structures of public enterprises, the links between public enterprise and the public exchequer and the implications of their operations for distributional equity. In Part four the extent to which privatisation can solve the problems of public enterprise is discussed. The book ends with some broad conclusions on the future of public enterprise. Throughout, the approach is analytical, but the arguments are supported by extensive examples from both developed and developing economies.
First Published in 1987. This book contains studies on some important aspects of public enterprise, based on the experience of a wide spectrum of developed and developing countries. Public Enterprise and Evaluation seeks to introduce some fundamental ideas on the concept of evaluation at four levels, deals with evaluation as a system and succinctly reviews the experience of the United Kingdom, Argentina, Malaysia, Pakistan, Nepal and India. Capital Structures of Public Enterprises brings out the economic issues that are implicit in the arrangements of capitalisation in vogue in the public enterprise sector. Public Enterprise and the Public Exchequer is an in-depth analytical study of certain aspects of the budget link of public enterprises and shows how this has not yet been adequately realised. And Privatisation in the African Context deals with the concept of privatisation, now coming into prominence, and presents a nondoctrinaire review of the problems it raises.
The book examines the various aspects of non-financial central public sector enterprises (PSEs) in India, for a period from 1986-87 to 2010-11. The analysis is based on all the key financial ratios; namely, profitability, efficiency, liquidity, leverage and productivity. Liberalization and globalization have caused competition in India and have lowered the profit margins. At the same time, Indian government has reduced subsidies and budgetary support for PSEs to curtail their own fiscal deficit. Strategic and economic reforms were also introduced in PSEs to make their operations commercially profitable so that they are not dependent on the government to meet their financial requirements on the one hand, and have their own earnings to finance their expansion/modernization requirements as well as their social obligations, on the other. To what extent, the PSEs have succeeded in this objective constitutes one major aspect of the present research work. The other equally important aspect examined is financial performance of the PSEs which have opted for disinvestment and have signed memorandum of understanding (MoU)/ self obligations. The Indian Government has desired the central PSEs to be profitable in their operations in post-liberation era of 1990s. For this purpose, two major instruments, namely, disinvestment and MoUs, were introduced. This book examines, in detail, financial performance of PSEs which had opted for disinvestment and have signed MoU. Based on analysis/ findings and literature on the subject, the book contains some concrete suggestions that would prove extremely helpful to Indian Government to further improve their financial performance. ​
Public enterprises reforms occupy the central place in the schemes of economic reforms in India. In many developing countries opting for economic reforms, public enterprise reforms have come at the beginning of the cycle of economic reforms. In India, it has not happened so and the results are there for us to see. The present book makes an attempt to present a case for reforming public enterprises in India and also the agenda for action for this purposes. It outlines the challenges ahead for public enterprises and the need for reforms viewed from the global perspective. It outlines the performance of the public enterprises and the areas requiring the attention of the reformers. It presents the case of a state in which reforms have to be carried out and the context for such reforms. It identifies regulations as one of the key component of the reforms. The book also elucidates the reform experience of some of the states. It presents a balanced view of the theory and practice of public enterprise management in the reform context. It incorporates case studies of nine public enterprises to demonstrate the need and effect of economic reforms.
Study conducted by Institute of Public Enterprise, Hyderabad.
A Number Of Undertakings Were Initiated Under Public Sector In India By The People At The Helm Of Affairs With Great Expectations And Enthusiastic Approach. But The Continuous Poor Performance, Shown Specially In Resource Generation By The Public Sector, Involving A Huge Investment, Not Only Dispirited The Nation But Also Compelled The Planners To Re-Think Over The Policies Adopted Earlier Regarding This. Though Several Factors Have Been Responsible For The Failure Of This Sector, The Crucial Factor Identified Is The Lack Of A Strict Financial Management And Control.Only A Scant Look Has So Far Been Cast On The Profit Planning And Control (Budgeting) A Key To The Success Of An Enterprise. Hence, A Need Was Felt To Probe The Matter Culminating In A Sincere And Serious Attempt.The Author Hopes That This Book Will Not Only Be Fruitful In Framing Policies To Improve The Functioning Of An Enterprise But Will Also Serve As A Reference For The Students Of Financial Management.