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Nearly the whole of America’s partisan politics centers on a single question: Can markets solve our social problems? And for years this question has played out ferociously in the debates about how we should educate our children. From the growth of vouchers and charter schools to the implementation of No Child Left Behind, policy makers have increasingly turned to market-based models to help improve our schools, believing that private institutions—because they are competitively driven—are better than public ones. With The Public School Advantage, Christopher A. and Sarah Theule Lubienski offer powerful evidence to undercut this belief, showing that public schools in fact outperform private ones. For decades research showing that students at private schools perform better than students at public ones has been used to promote the benefits of the private sector in education, including vouchers and charter schools—but much of these data are now nearly half a century old. Drawing on two recent, large-scale, and nationally representative databases, the Lubienskis show that any benefit seen in private school performance now is more than explained by demographics. Private schools have higher scores not because they are better institutions but because their students largely come from more privileged backgrounds that offer greater educational support. After correcting for demographics, the Lubienskis go on to show that gains in student achievement at public schools are at least as great and often greater than those at private ones. Even more surprising, they show that the very mechanism that market-based reformers champion—autonomy—may be the crucial factor that prevents private schools from performing better. Alternatively, those practices that these reformers castigate, such as teacher certification and professional reforms of curriculum and instruction, turn out to have a significant effect on school improvement. Despite our politics, we all agree on the fundamental fact: education deserves our utmost care. The Public School Advantage offers exactly that. By examining schools within the diversity of populations in which they actually operate, it provides not ideologies but facts. And the facts say it clearly: education is better off when provided for the public by the public.
This book examines case studies of eight public and eight private schools that investigated different identifiable and transferable private school practices that public schools could adopt to improve student outcomes. Data came from interviews with administrators, teachers, parents, and students from diverse schools. Chapter 1, "Accountability to Parents," discusses resistance to parents, structural limits to parent accountability, managing participation at parochial schools, lower-income parent participation, cases of formal accountability to parents, and observations about accountability to parents. Chapter 2, "Clarity of Goals and Expectations," discusses the religious character of parochial schools, broader educational goals versus testable outcomes, anchoring expectations in scripture, and clarity of goals. Chapter 3, "Behavioral and Value Objectives," discusses different approaches to discipline and the teaching of ethical and religious values in public and private schools. Chapter 4, "Clear Standards for Teacher Selection and Retention," includes faculty collegiality, hiring standards and teacher quality, formal and informal teacher evaluation, teacher retention and dismissal, and observations on selection and retention. Chapter 5, "Similarity of Curriculum Materials," discusses formal curricular similarities. Chapter 6 discusses "Competitive Improvements." Chapter 7, "Conclusions," suggests that similarities between public and private schools and the problems they face outweigh the differences. Differences are determined mainly by parent socioeconomic and cultural factors. Case study descriptions are appended. (Contains 17 references.) (SM)
This title will give students and other readers a clear understanding of the true state of public and private education systems in the United States by refuting falsehoods, misunderstandings, and exaggerations—and confirming the validity of other assertions. This work is part of a series that uses evidence-based documentation to examine the veracity of claims and beliefs about high-profile issues in American culture and politics. Each book in the Contemporary Debates series is intended to puncture rather than perpetuate myths that diminish our understanding of important policies and positions; to provide needed context for misleading statements and claims; and to confirm the factual accuracy of other assertions. This particular volume examines beliefs, claims, and myths about public and private K–12 education in the United States. Issues covered include categories of public and private schools and variations in academic performance and socioeconomic status therein; controversies surrounding school choice, including school vouchers and charter schools; accountability and assessment of private and public schools; debates about school environment, safety, and curricula; and teacher and administrator quality. All of these issues are examined in individualized entries, with objective responses grounded in up-to-date evidence.
This report on the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) of the National Center for Education Statistics presents survey estimates for data on public and private schools, school principals, and teachers. Data reported for schools include particular programs or services offered, number of schools with students receiving Chapter 1 services or free or reduced-price lunch, and graduation and college application rates. Data reported for principals include educational level, experience, and salary. Similar data are reported for teachers, along with data on the number and percentage of continuing and newly hired full-time equivalent teachers. The approximately 81,000 public schools and 26,000 private schools in the survey account for about 76% and 24% respectively of the almost 107,000 schools in the United States in 1993-94. About 41.6 million children, about 89%, were enrolled in the public schools, and about 5 million were in private schools. Ten sections of Technical Notes present information about survey methodology. Twenty-six tables in the text and 26 standard error tables in Appendix A present survey findings. (SLD)
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) has recently released the 1990-91 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), an integrated survey of public and private schools, school districts, principals, and teachers, conducted every 3 years. This report presents results from the recent SASS. In 1990-91, there were about 80,000 public schools and about 25,000 private schools in the United States, enrolling about 44.8 million students, almost 40.1 million in public schools and 4.7 million in private schools. Seventy-five percent of central city public schools had enrollments that were 20 percent or more minority. In 1990-91, there were 2.9 million teachers in the elementary schools and secondary schools, more than 2.5 million teachers of whom were in public schools. Seventy-three percent of teachers were female and 87 percent were white. Forty-nine percent of all schools had no minority teachers, and 46 percent of all teachers had a degree higher than a Bachelor's of Arts. In the study period, both public and private schools filled almost all of their approved positions, and 10 percent of public schools and 16 percent of private schools provided teacher retraining to fill fields with anticipated shortages. Information about teacher attitudes is also presented. Sixty-seven tables and 39 figures present survey data. Appendix A contains 27 additional tables by school typology. Appendix B contains the standard errors for selected tables. Appendix C presents technical notes. (SLD)
There will be a need for many newly hired teachers in the United States over the next 10 years as large numbers of teachers are expected to retire and enrollments are expected to increase. This report examines the problem using an algebraic model with no econometric analysis. It uses age-specific continuation rates of teachers from several different Schools and Staffing Surveys (SASS) of the National Center for Education Statistics to predict how many teachers will continue teaching from one year to another. The demand for teachers is taken as exogenous, and several scenarios are examined. The report assumes that the supply will meet the demand and that the age distribution of new teachers will be the same as the 1993-94 SASS distribution. Depending on the assumptions made, projections for the number of newly hired public school teachers needed by 2008-09 ranges from 1.7 million to 2.7 million. Some of these newly hired teachers will be needed to replace those leaving the profession, and others will be needed as enrollments continue to increase. The majority of the publication is comprised of statistical figures and tables, a technical appendix, and appendix tables. (Author/SM))