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A cutting-edge synthesis of science and practice, this book covers everything from sports-related concussions to less common types of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and related complications. Preeminent authorities review what is known about mTBI in childhood and adolescence—including its biomechanics, pathophysiology, and neurological and neurobehavioral outcomes—and showcase evidence-based clinical evaluation tools and management strategies. Challenging areas such as evaluating complicated mTBI and treating persistent problems after injury are discussed in detail. Also addressed are forensic issues, injury in very early childhood, and other special-interest topics.
In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Children and Adolescents provides rehabilitation professionals in all areas of rehabilitation with a comprehensive, interdisciplinary framework for treatment of brain-injured children and adolescents. The book begins with an explanation of the pathophysiology of closed head injury and its typical consequences, leads the reader through various clinical intervention and therapeutic techniques, and concludes with guidelines for re-integrating the child into school, family, and work communities. Drawing upon the authors' backgrounds in speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and neurology, the book presents a thorough discussion of all areas of head injury rehabilitation.
The return to school following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is fraught with challenges for children and adolescents, their families, and school professionals. This volume provides the practical knowledge needed to understand the neuropsychological problems associated with TBI and facilitate students' reintegration into the regular or special education classroom. Research-based strategies are presented for assessing and accommodating each student's needs, with suggestions for testing that can be completed by practitioners without extensive neuropsychological training. Featuring numerous illustrative clinical examples, the book also includes an extended case history that brings to life the entire process of recovery from TBI. Reviewing basic neuroanatomy, the book first discusses the functional problems and areas of learning difficulty that typically arise from different types of injury. It explores the associated emotional challenges and issues facing families, emphasizing the importance of working closely with parents and building effective home-school partnerships. Identified and briefly described are over 30 psychological measures that can be used to evaluate cognitive and academic skills; memory and learning; attention; executive and reasoning skills; visual-motor and perceptual skills; and psychosocial, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Detailed sample assessments are provided for two students with injuries of varying severity, showing how test results and other information can be integrated into a useful comprehensive report. Guidelines are then presented for managing school reentry and conducting team-based planning and decision making. General programming considerations are discussed, as are specific interventions that incorporate knowledge from the fields of ADHD, learning disabilities, and adult rehabilitation. Written in a clear, non-technical style, this book is an essential resource for school psychologists, counselors, and social workers; special education professionals; and other clinicians working with young people. It will also serve as a text in graduate-level neuropsychological assessment courses.
This book addresses the holistic needs of children and adolescents with brain injuries and discusses psychosocial concerns, school and home management issues, and future directions. it integrates existing research findings with extensive clinical experience, providing insight as well as information to guide rehabilitation, and it emphasizes intervention for both TBI and minor head injury.
Children, young people and families living with an acquired brain injury (ABI), whether through accident, illness, injury or abuse, are rarely offered psychological therapy, and yet the benefits of such interventions can be profound. This important new book, providing a selection of practice examples and insights from frontline practitioners, will be essential reading for any paediatric therapist or clinician. Beginning with a "life story" of the brain where emphasis is placed on how brain development is fundamentally related to its environment, the book offers key background knowledge before showcasing the core topics of assessment, psychological formulation and intervention. It features a range of therapeutic models, includes direct and indirect work, group work and family therapy, with settings varying from inpatient neurorehabilitation to community work and the transition to education. The long-term needs of those in the criminal justice system are also addressed. The closing chapters focus on the debate around effective outcome measurement and outline a vision for better services. Elevating the voices of our children, young people and families living with ABI, this pioneering book will provide practitioners with the confidence to work collaboratively across a range of children and young people with disorders of consciousness or communication to those with behaviour that challenges others to manage. It offers new ways to understand both children’s pasts and their futures, and will be essential reading for anyone in the field.
Describes multidisciplinary, integrative, and translational approaches to research and practice in pediatric traumatic brain injury.
Despite the increased public awareness of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the complexities of the neuropsychiatric, neuropsychological, neurological, and other physical consequences of TBI of all severities across the lifespan remain incompletely understood by patients, their families, healthcare providers, and the media. Keeping pace with advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and science of TBI, the Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury, Third Edition, comprehensively fills this gap in knowledge. Nearly all 50 chapters feature new authors, all of them experts in their field. Chapters new to this edition include biomechanical forces, biomarkers, neurodegenerative dementias, suicide, endocrine disorders, chronic disease management, and social cognition. An entirely new section is devoted to the evaluation and treatment of mild TBI, including injuries in athletes, military service members and veterans, and children and adolescents. These chapters join newly updated sections on the assessment and treatment of the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and other physical sequelae of TBI. The Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury is a must-read for all of those working in any of the multitude of disciplines that contribute to the care and rehabilitation of persons with brain injury. This new volume is also a potentially useful reference for policymakers in both the public and private sectors.
A multidisciplinary introduction to the field of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents, along with its clinical assessment and treatment. The introductory chapters are followed by a chapter on assessment and a variety of treatment approaches are described.
Nonverbal interactions are applied to trauma treatment for more effective results. The model of treatment developed here is grounded in the physical, psychological, and cognitive reactions children have to traumatic experiences and the consequences of those experiences. The approach to treatment utilizes the integrative capacity of the brain to create a self, foster insight, and produce change. Treatment strategies are based on cutting-edge understanding of neurobiology, the development of the brain, and the storage and retrieval of traumatic memory. Case vignettes illustrate specific examples of the reactions of children, families, and teens to acute and repeated exposure to traumatic events. Also presented is the most recent knowledge of the role of the right hemisphere (RH) in development and therapy. Right brain communication, and how to recognize the non-verbal symbolic and unconscious, affective processes will be explained, along with examples of how the therapist can utilize art making, media, tools, and self to engage in a two-person biology.