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The Social Determinants of Mental Health aims to fill the gap that exists in the psychiatric, scholarly, and policy-related literature on the social determinants of mental health: those factors stemming from where we learn, play, live, work, and age that impact our overall mental health and well-being. The editors and an impressive roster of chapter authors from diverse scholarly backgrounds provide detailed information on topics such as discrimination and social exclusion; adverse early life experiences; poor education; unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity; income inequality, poverty, and neighborhood deprivation; food insecurity; poor housing quality and housing instability; adverse features of the built environment; and poor access to mental health care. This thought-provoking book offers many beneficial features for clinicians and public health professionals: Clinical vignettes are included, designed to make the content accessible to readers who are primarily clinicians and also to demonstrate the practical, individual-level applicability of the subject matter for those who typically work at the public health, population, and/or policy level. Policy implications are discussed throughout, designed to make the content accessible to readers who work primarily at the public health or population level and also to demonstrate the policy relevance of the subject matter for those who typically work at the clinical level. All chapters include five to six key points that focus on the most important content, helping to both prepare the reader with a brief overview of the chapter's main points and reinforce the "take-away" messages afterward. In addition to the main body of the book, which focuses on selected individual social determinants of mental health, the volume includes an in-depth overview that summarizes the editors' and their colleagues' conceptualization, as well as a final chapter coauthored by Dr. David Satcher, 16th Surgeon General of the United States, that serves as a "Call to Action," offering specific actions that can be taken by both clinicians and policymakers to address the social determinants of mental health. The editors have succeeded in the difficult task of balancing the individual/clinical/patient perspective and the population/public health/community point of view, while underscoring the need for both groups to work in a unified way to address the inequities in twenty-first century America. The Social Determinants of Mental Health gives readers the tools to understand and act to improve mental health and reduce risk for mental illnesses for individuals and communities. Students preparing for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will also benefit from this book, as the MCAT in 2015 will test applicants' knowledge of social determinants of health. The social determinants of mental health are not distinct from the social determinants of physical health, although they deserve special emphasis given the prevalence and burden of poor mental health.
This fully updated second edition is written specifically for health science and nursing students in Australia and New Zealand. Authored by the highly regarded Patricia Barkway, with a diverse range of expert contributors, this Elsevier e-book interprets psychology for nurses, as well as for students of paramedicine, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, public health, pharmacy, psychology, social work and midwifery. Psychology for Health Professionals 2e e-book examines essential psychological theories, placing them within a social context. Acknowledging increasing awareness that behaviour is influenced as much by external factors as biological and psychological ones, the book’s first half outlines psychological, lifespan and social theories, then applies them to contemporary health issues in later chapters. A key focus of this leading psychology e-book is examining individual personality and psychological theory within the social context of people’s lives. New content includes current, evidence-based research, references and clinical examples relevant to interdisciplinary, contemporary healthcare practice. Issues of cultural safety and awareness have been strengthened throughout; there is a new section on chronic illness and a focus on recovery. This introductory psychology e-book does not assume its readers will have prior ‘psychology’ knowledge, yet it can easily be used well beyond first-year university. Critical thinking questions Classroom activities Research focus boxes providing examples of current research and evidence-based practice Interdisciplinary case studies throughout Further resources and web links to provide further reading and research and up-to-date information, data and statistics
Considered the most comprehensive handbook in the field, this rich resource reviews the biological, psychological, and social factors that affect health, health behavior, and illness. Many chapters review the latest theories and research while others illustrate how research is translated into clinical and community interventions to improve physical health and emotional well-being. Chapters examine health behavior processes within the social contexts in which we live, including family, social, and cultural communities. The handbook cuts across concepts (behavior change), populations (women’s health), risk and protective factors (obesity) and diseases, making it appropriate for a variety of readers from various fields. Featuring contributions from the top researchers and rising stars in the field, each author provides a theoretical foundation, evaluates the empirical evidence, and makes suggestions for future research, clinical practice, and/or policy. Novices to the field appreciate the accessibly written chapters, while seasoned professionals appreciate the book’s deep, cutting edge coverage. Significantly updated throughout, the new edition reflects the latest approaches to health psychology today: greater emphasis on translating research into practice and policy more on the socio-cultural aspects of health including socioeconomic status, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and aging two new sections on risk and protective factors for disease and another on social and structural influences that affect health more on prevention, interventions, and treatment in the applications section an expansion of the bio-psycho-social model across several levels of analysis, including cultural, macro-social, and cellular factors. The book opens with the field’s central theories, emphasizing the interaction of biological and social systems. Part II reviews the mechanisms that help explain the link between health and behavior across diseases and populations. The all new Part III focuses on variables that lead to the onset of major diseases or that are instrumental in promoting health. Part IV, also new to the second edition, highlights social and structural influences on health. The book concludes with applications of research to specific illnesses and medical conditions. The Handbook serves as a text in graduate or upper level undergraduate courses in health psychology taught in psychology, public health, medical sociology, medicine, nursing, and other social and allied health sciences. Its cutting edge, comprehensive coverage also appeals to researchers and practitioners in these fields.
A truly interdisciplinary approach to the study of health, Health Psychology: An Interdisciplinary Approach uses the social ecological perspective to explore the impact of five systems on individual health outcomes: individual, culture/family, social/physical environment, health systems and health policy. In order to provide readers with an understanding of how health affects the individual on a mental and emotional level, the author has taken an interdisciplinary approach, considering the roles of anthropology, biology, economics, environmental studies, medicine, public health, and sociology.
This open access book is a systematic update of the philosophical and scientific foundations of the biopsychosocial model of health, disease and healthcare. First proposed by George Engel 40 years ago, the Biopsychosocial Model is much cited in healthcare settings worldwide, but has been increasingly criticised for being vague, lacking in content, and in need of reworking in the light of recent developments. The book confronts the rapid changes to psychological science, neuroscience, healthcare, and philosophy that have occurred since the model was first proposed and addresses key issues such as the model’s scientific basis, clinical utility, and philosophical coherence. The authors conceptualise biology and the psychosocial as in the same ontological space, interlinked by systems of communication-based regulatory control which constitute a new kind of causation. These are distinguished from physical and chemical laws, most clearly because they can break down, thus providing the basis for difference between health and disease. This work offers an urgent update to the model’s scientific and philosophical foundations, providing a new and coherent account of causal interactions between the biological, the psychological and social.
How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities. With concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority. Improving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction. Within a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the "why" and "how to" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues. Improving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits.
In DSM-IV, the relationships between physical illness and psychological factors are grouped under the classifications 'Somatoform Disorders' and 'Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions'(PFAMC). This volume introduces the 'Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research' (DCPR) as a new proposal for the PFAMC section of DSM-V. The DCPR approach focuses on psychological characteristics of patients presenting symptoms across different medical disorders related to the clinically relevant psychosocial constructs of abnormal illness behavior, i.e. somatization, demoralization, type A behavior, alexithymia, conversion, and irritability. The distinct DCPR categories are consistent with concepts expressed by outstanding authors in psychosomatic medicine and are therefore suggested as specifiers of PFAMC for the future DSM-V. The volume includes updates, reviews and empirical findings on psychological factors affecting various disorders in different clinical settings (endocrinology, gastroenterology, oncology, dermatology, eating disorders, consultation psychiatry). It is essential reading for psychiatrists, psychologists and physicians interested in psychosomatic medicine, and provides the basic tools for the diagnosis of DCPR conditions.