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This study aimed at investigating factors influencing provision of education for pastoralists' children in mobile primary schools in Marsabit North District, Kenya. Mobile schools provide a critical alternative link to provision of education services to communities in arid and semi-arid lands in Kenya. Despite efforts to promote pastoral education by the government and educational stakeholders, over 80% of the school going age in nomadic pastoralists' areas still do not access the Free Primary Education introduced in 2003 by the then government.
This study is a contribution towards exploring alternative but sustainable education policies for pastoralist societies and sets out to explore how pastoralist IKSs (Indigenous Knowledge Systems) can be integrated or used as an entry point to provide formal schooling to pastoralist communities in Kenya. Pastoralists constitute the majority of the socially and economically vulnerable groups in the country. Children, among pastoralist communities, face detrimental hardships that compromise their growth and development. One of these hardships is the imposition of an education and development paradigm that is irrelevant to their existence and which compounds their problems. This study therefore sought to explore how, through better government policies, the indigenous knowledge (IK) of pastoralists could be integrated into the curriculum of formal schooling. Specifically, the study discusses the following issues: Gaps in policies for schooling provision for pastoralist groups, with particular reference to the content of the curriculum and methods of delivery; Aspects of pastoralist IKS that can be integrated into the context of national education policy to enrich their schooling within; and General recommendations regarding the use of participatory and social engineering approaches in designing education and development policies affecting pastoralist communities in Kenya.
Educationally, pastoralists appear to be a paradox. From the perspective of official education, they are a complete failure, scoring badly in terms of enrollment, achievement, attainment, and gender balance. However, pastoralists are far from being unskilled. Their daily lives require them to perform tasks involving high levels of individual and social specialization. A consideration of this paradox should be central to analyses of the continuous failure, with regard to nomads, of the universal project of education. Instead, education programs appear to oppose nomadic culture at all levels--from principles and goals to evaluation. As a universal project, education has had a very broad goal of the fulfillment of all individuals as human beings and a very narrow view of educational structure and content. With regard to education of nomads, this literature review suggests that such attitude should be reversed to a broader view and focused goals. Policies should expand the view from statistics and the classroom to education as a broad phenomenon. Education for nomads should be flexible, multifaceted, and focused enough to target specific structural problems such as social and economic marginalization, lack of political representation, or coping and interacting successfully with the challenges of globalization. Sections of this literature review cover the educational rationale (education as basic need and right, education for development and integration); practical problems and solutions (mobility, remoteness, poverty, sparse population, distance education, staff, motivation, language); cultural problems (conservatism, ignorance, child labor, cultural alienation, education of girls, parent choice, relevance); impact and outcomes of education; a Mongolia case study; and key issues for future policy. (Contains 194 references.) (TD)
The impact of the 1988 Education Reform Act on the management of schools and the delivery of the curriculum is a major preoccupation for all those in education. Any discussion of the role of the teacher and the entitlement of the pupil is dominated by the requirements of the National Curriculum. It is easy to forget that teachers are also concerned with the emotional support of troubled children, and with the promotion of the personal, social and moral development of all children. Initiated by, and published in association with, the National Association for Pastoral Care in Education (NAPCE), this book brings together teachers and teacher-educators at the forefront of developments in pastoral care and PSE. Its wide-ranging and up-to-date examination of the pupil's entitlement to pastoral support, and to a curriculum which pays due regard to the development of the whole person, represents the first comprehensive treatment of these topics to be published for over a decade.
This open access volume critically reviews a diverse body of scholarship and practice that informs the conceptualization, curriculum, teaching and measurement of life skills in education settings around the world. It discusses life skills as they are implemented in schools and non-formal education, providing both qualitative and quantitative evidence of when, with whom, and how life skills do or do not impact young women’s and men’s lives in various contexts. Specifically, it examines the nature and importance of life skills, and how they are taught. It looks at the synergies and differences between life skills educational programmes and the way in which they promote social and emotional learning, vocational/employment education, and health and sexuality education. Finally, it explores how life skills may be better incorporated into education and how such education can address structures and relations of power to help youth achieve desired future outcomes, and goals set out in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Life skills education has gained considerable attention by education policymakers, researchers and educators as being the sine qua non for later achievements in life. It is nearly ubiquitous in global and national education policies, including the SDGs, because life skills are regarded as essential for a diverse set of purposes: reducing poverty, achieving gender equality, promoting economic growth, addressing climate change, fostering peace and global citizenship, and creating sustainable and healthy communities. Yet, to achieve these broad goals, questions persist as to which life skills are important, who needs to learn them, how they can be taught, and how they are best measured. This book addresses these questions.
Master's Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Sociology - Culture, Technology, Nations, grade: 56, University of Birmingham (School of Government and Society (formerly School of Public Policy)), course: Rural Development (International), language: English, abstract: This dissertation has found that providing services such as infrastructure and welfare services to groups of people who are on the move, has historically been very difficult. Providing services such as education, to a society which is either migratory or just beginning to stabilize, and does not value education, particularly for girls, is seemingly difficult. The Tanzanian Maasai people are the perfect example of such a society. Many problems adversely affect their girls’ enrolment, regular attendance and performance in school: lack of schools, the distance they must walk to go to school, a dangerous environment to walk through, fees, lack of food, poor standards of education in the schools, lack of classrooms, books, desks, teachers and learning supplies, also the transhumant nature of the society and the customs and culture of the community. All these factors are found to greatly affect both boys and girls, but have the greatest impact on girls. However, the Emusoi Center has provided an approach for keeping these girls in school by involving pastoralist NGOs, churches, government leaders and members of parliament from the pastoralist area. Religious leaders identify possible students, government and Parliament Members use their power to ensure parents allow their girls to attend school, especially in instances where the girls are forced into marriage. The Center monitors the students’ progress at the end of every term and maintains a close contact with the schools in order to follow up the students’ progress. The Center also involves students who have finished their O-level studies as student’s mentor and as a role model to empower the new comers and those already enrolled. They accompany the new students to schools, hospital, and also help with administrative task such as accounting and secretarial work.
Once again, the Horn of Africa has been in the headlines. And once again the news has been bad: drought, famine, conflict, hunger, suffering and death. The finger of blame has been pointed in numerous directions: to the changing climate, to environmental degradation, to overpopulation, to geopolitics and conflict, to aid agency failures, and more. But it is not all disaster and catastrophe. Many successful development efforts at ‘the margins’ often remain hidden, informal, sometimes illegal; and rarely in line with standard development prescriptions. If we shift our gaze from the capital cities to the regional centres and their hinterlands, then a very different perspective emerges. These are the places where pastoralists live. They have for centuries struggled with drought, conflict and famine. They are resourceful, entrepreneurial and innovative peoples. Yet they have been ignored and marginalised by the states that control their territory and the development agencies who are supposed to help them. This book argues that, while we should not ignore the profound difficulties of creating secure livelihoods in the Greater Horn of Africa, there is much to be learned from development successes, large and small. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars with an interest in development studies and human geography, with a particular emphasis on Africa. It will also appeal to development policy-makers and practitioners.
′A clearly written, well-structured and practical account of how to help and support children and young people with mental health problems, and those at risk of developing such problems... The book concludes with an excellent listing of organisations and resources′ - SENCO Update ′A highly practical and impressive book... I like the short introductions and the concise summing up within each chapter... The book is suitable for teachers as well as counsellors and outside agencies involved in school referral work... deserves to be widely read and to have its ideas put into practice′ - Therapy Today ′I feel the book should be compulsory reading for everyone who works with young people, but especially pastoral heads and senior teachers with responsibilities in this area′ - Janine Phillips, Class Teacher Mental Health is now a mandatory component of the PSHE (Personal, Social and Health Education) curriculum. This book is a practical guide for teachers, explaining the difference between counselling and counselling skills, as well as looking at how mental health issues affect children′s behaviour, self-esteem, motivation and achievement and so on, and what the school can do about this. Issues covered include: - the difference between counselling, and counselling skills - employing a counsellor in schools - how to set up and run counselling provision in a school - information on counselling, psychotherapy and talking therapies - when to refer - peer support - mental health and emotional intelligence in the curriculum - lesson ideas and plans for PHSE
As countries experience increasing cultural diversity both within and between their borders, contemporary researchers are exploring the connection between culture and children's learning and academic experiences. One important goal is to provide all children with educational experiences that are culturally sensitive, relevant, and effective in helping them reach their maximum potential and preparing them for the future. With over twenty-five contributing authors, this volume investigates the connection between culture and children's schooling and learning experiences from multidisciplinary perspectives, diverse methodologies, and cross-cultural and culture specific approaches. The common thread running through the chapters is the understanding that learning is an activity that takes place within cultural contexts. Together, the chapters highlight the forces that shape children's everyday learning experiences. Core themes address how parental beliefs and cultural ways of learning and problem-solving shape children's learning experiences and social interactions with teachers; the importance of quality early childhood education and playful learning to children's school success and development; and how the complex intersection of cultural variables with forces such as historical injustice, social and educational inequality, economic stability, and political ideologies shape children's learning. The volume honors the experiences of Indigenous, newcomer, first-generation children, and children of underrepresented communities and highlights the vital role that policy makers, teacher educators, schools, and classroom educators play in helping all children reach their academic and social potential.