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This paper summarizes the major trends in state and Canadian provincial retail sales taxes in recent years. State sales tax rates have risen slowly; coverage has on the whole been reduced slightly as more states have exempted food and medicines. Sales tax revenue as a percentage of total state tax revenue rose slowly until 1971 and since had remained almost unchanged; revenues from state income taxes have exceeded sales tax revenues since 1973. In Canada, the trend has been toward sharply higher rates (reaching a maximum of 11%), but broader exemptions. Currently, the Canadian Federal government has induced the provinces (except Quebec) to lower their retail sales taxes in exchange for Federal grants to stimulate recovery and lessen cost-push inflationary pressures. The provinces have been moving slowly to increased adjustments in sales taxes for nonrevenue objectives, whereas the states have not. The sales taxes, despite the violent opposition in earlier years, are now generally accepted as permanent elements in the tax structures. They offer one great political advantage: the yield adjusts to inflation but does not overadjust, unlike the income tax. Unlike the property tax, tax liability does not jump sharply.
"The days of buoyant capital investment, jobs, and wealth are passing Alberta by as the boom-and-bust cycle runs its course and the global climate crisis becomes more acute. As the province scrambles to boost the dying oil economy and curb spending, one solution is all but ignored--a sales tax. In this collection, Alberta scholars and policy experts map out why and how a provincial sales tax should and can be implemented. Drawing on policy analysis, recent history, personal experiences, and conversations with Albertans, former politicians, and senior public servants, contributors build a decisive case for why a sales tax is a more efficient tax than corporate or personal income taxes. They examine energy revenues, household incomes, and political support as well as opportunities for improving democracy and reducing the volatility of government revenues. Finally, this volume offers recommendations on structuring a consultative review process to improve Alberta’s long-term fiscal sustainability."--
Pt. I. Introduction -- chapter 1. The nature of sales taxation -- chapter 2. The sales tax and the distribution of real income -- chapter 3. The rationale of sales taxation -- pt. II. Review of sales tax experience : the multiple stage taxes -- chapter 4. The turnover tax in Germany -- chapter 5. The turnover taxes of Austria, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands -- chapter 6. The Belgian and Italian multiple-stage taxes -- pt. III. The value-added tax -- chapter 7. Sales taxation in France and the value-added tax -- pt. IV. The single-stage sales taxes -- chapter 8. The manufacturers sales tax: Canada and Finland -- chapter 9. The wholesale sales tax: Switzerland, Australia and New Zealand -- chapter 10. The Britsh purchase tax -- chapter 11. General excise tax systems in countries not imposing sales taxes -- chapter 12. Retail sales taxation: Norway -- chapter 13. Retail sales taxation: the Canadian provinces -- chapter 14. State retail sales taxation in the United States -- chapter 15. Municipal sales taxation -- chapter 16. Sales taxation in other countries -- pt. V. Questions of sales tax structure -- chapter 17. The optimum type of sales tax -- chapter 18. Other problems of the structure of a sales tax.