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Tthe special character of the region; The recent growth of production in the region and its sources; The task ahead: policy issues on cereal and livestock reduction in rainfed agriculture and the role of high-elevation areas.
The countries of West Asia and North Africa (WANA) have long had the challenge of providing sustainable livelihoods for their populations in the fragile ecosystems of semi-arid and arid areas. Climate change is already a reality in WANA and it places additional constraints on the already fragile ecosystems of dry areas and limited natural resources in WANA. A comprehensive and integrated approach to planning and implementing the climate change adaptation strategies across the wide range of agro-ecosystems in different countries in WANA could help both the planners and the local communities to deal effectively with the projected impacts and also contribute to overall sustainability of agricultural production systems. This book addresses the important issue of climate change and food security in West Asia and North Africa and presents the appropriate strategies which could help in the development of new policies to better adapt agriculture production systems and enhance food security in WANA.
Research report on food policy and projections regarding food security and food requirements in the Middle East and North Africa to the year 2000 - examines trends in food production and trade since 1966; foresees increase in regional disparity between food producing countries and labour exporting and petroleum exporting countries, leading to some staple food shortages. Graphs, statistical tables.
The West Asia/North Africa (WANA) region contains large areas with rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The social-ecology of the region must be respected as well as the physical ecology. Dryland farming, irrigated farming and rangelands in WANA are often linked through the diets of grazing livestock. Animal products are present at low levels in traditional diets of the region, compared with diets in the US, UK, France and Japan. Population growth has been rapid and many WANA countries are expected to sustain increasing annual increments to their human populations through the year 2020. Policy issues are reviewed and several indications are noted: human capital (including institutions) needs strengthening; rangeland tenure and farm-level decision making require attention; informal seed sectors need support; fertilizer use in dryland farming can be increased within better-tuned crop rotations and with regard for weather risks and world prices; research support is needed for enhanced farm-level livestock management (including nutrition) and this needs to be better balanced with respect to current emphasis on national veterinary and animal breeding investments. Food and Feed demand has out-paced domestic production in most WANA countries and will continue to do so. The resource bases for traditional livestock raising (native pastures and crop residues) have come under serious pressure, and large feed deficits are projected. Differences are so great among the WANA countries that undiscriminating aggregations of their prospects may be seriously misleading. Sub-aggregates of the WANA countries are used here to distinguish these differences in prospects.