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The TBP Manual, issued in 1990, serves as a standard method for surveys and data collection for trade in disembodied technology between countries which continue to be difficult to compare because of differences in coverage and in the grouping of ...
The internationally recognized methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for ...
The Oslo Manual is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation activities in industry.
This book is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation activities in industry.
This report reviews engineering's importance to human, economic, social and cultural development and in addressing the UN Millennium Development Goals. Engineering tends to be viewed as a national issue, but engineering knowledge, companies, conferences and journals, all demonstrate that it is as international as science. The report reviews the role of engineering in development, and covers issues including poverty reduction, sustainable development, climate change mitigation and adaptation. It presents the various fields of engineering around the world and is intended to identify issues and challenges facing engineering, promote better understanding of engineering and its role, and highlight ways of making engineering more attractive to young people, especially women.--Publisher's description.
This special issue of the STI Review presents, from the perspective of national governments, the Commission of the EC, the WTO and the OECD, the policy approaches adopted to limit the trade-distorting potential of subsidies and to tackle public spending on industrial support programes.
This Advanced Introduction to Service Innovation explores a key driver of the service economy, addressing in particular the definition and conceptualization of innovation in services, and its measurements using both traditional and new measures. The authors address pertinent questions such as: What is innovation in services and how is it conceptualized? How is it measured? How is it organized and managed within both service and non-service firms?
Providing nuanced insight into key areas of innovation studies, this erudite second edition acknowledges the significance of innovation within the informal economy. It contributes to the broader scholarly discourse on innovation indicators and measurement, exploring the nature and rate of recent developments within the field.