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An integral part of concrete mix proportioning is the preparation of trial mixes and making adjustments to such trials striking a balance between the requirements of placement, strength, and durability. When coarse aggregate characteristic strength is lower than the levels of strength of the concrete desired, different methods, viz., British, ACI, and the country's standard code, cannot be used directly. In this paper a generalized method is advanced to proportion concrete using quarry wastes, namely, cuddapah and marble in concrete, as coarse aggregate. Concrete is regarded as a composite of cement mortar matrix and coarse aggregate. The basic principle of the method is to assess the characteristic strength of coarse aggregate from compressive strength data of concrete failed by aggregate fracture and from that characteristic strength to assess the cement mortar strength required so as to ensure the development of the required strength of concrete. To arrive at the exact water-cement ratio of mortar matrix, the generalized Abrams' law is used.
The design of concrete mixes is becoming increasingly complex, with the addition of new materials in the compounds, such as organic admixtures, fibres and supplementary cementitious materials. Moreover, the list of properties which concretes are required to possess for certain applications has increased, and interest is developing in rheology, durability, deformability and whole-life behaviour. This book presents a number of simple models for the understanding of a concrete system, and provides the techniques for developing more sophisticated models for the practical design of concrete mixes.
This volume comprises select papers presented during the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2018, discussing issues and challenges relating to the characterization of geomaterials, modelling approaches, and geotechnical engineering education. With a combination of field studies, laboratory experiments and modelling approaches, the chapters in this volume address some of the most widely investigated geotechnical engineering topics. This volume will be of interest to researchers and practitioners alike.
Containing the proceedings of the latest in a series of conferences on the emerging topic of eco-architecture, this book presents the newest research in the field. Eco-architecture requires that buildings be in harmony with nature, including their immediate environs. Locations, siting and orientation, as well as the materials used, should be chosen based on ecological appropriateness. Practitioners make every effort to minimize the use of energy at each stage of a building's life cycle, including that embodied in the extraction and/or fabrication as well as the transportation of the materials used and their assembly into the building. There is even consideration given to the ease and value of changing use of a building and component recycling when the building's life is over. Designers may also carefully control the energy required for building maintenance, not to mention lighting, heating and cooling, especially when the energy consumed is related to greenhouse gas emissions. Passive energy systems such as natural ventilation, summer shading and winter solar heat gain also play a role, as do alternative sources of energy for heat and electricity, e.g. solar and wind power.Papers presented cover topics such as: Ecological and cultural sensitivity; Design by passive systems ; Life cycle assessment; Quantifying sustainability in architecture; Resource and rehabilitation; Building technologies; Ecological impact of materials; Durability of materials; Adapted reuse ; Carbon neutral design ; Education and training; Case studies; New architecture frontiers; Art and kraft; Quality in architecture; Temporary architecture; Selection.
Based on and adapted from a combined workshop session and paper symposium presented at the 1972 ACI annual conventnion at Dallas, Texas, and sponsored by ACI Committee 211.
The book constitutes the peer-reviewed proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Information Technology (InCITe-2022): The Next Generation Technology Summit. The theme of the conference is Computational Intelligence: Automate your World. The volume is a conglomeration of research papers covering interdisciplinary research and in-depth applications of computational intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, artificial intelligence, data science, enabling technologies for IoT, blockchain, and other futuristic computational technologies. The volume covers various topics that span cutting-edge, collaborative technologies and areas of computation. The content would serve as a rich knowledge repository on information & communication technologies, neural networks, fuzzy systems, natural language processing, data mining & warehousing, big data analytics, cloud computing, security, social networks and intelligence, decision making, and modeling, information systems, and IT architectures. The book will be useful to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working in information technology.
Portland Cement Association reference, dealing with fundamentals, cold weather concreting, curing, admixtures, aggregates, mixing, and much more.