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A detailed insight into porous silicon and its diverse novel applications.
By means of electrochemical treatment, crystalline silicon can be permeated with tiny, nanostructured pores that entirely change the characteristics and properties of the material. One prominent example of this can be seen in the interaction of porous silicon with living cells, which can be totally unwilling to settle on smooth silicon surfaces but readily adhere to porous silicon, giving rise to great hopes for such future applications as programmable drug delivery or advanced, braincontrolled prosthetics. Porous silicon research is active in the fields of sensors, tissue engineering, medical therapeutics and diagnostics, photovoltaics, rechargeable batteries, energetic materials, photonics, and MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems). Written by an outstanding, well-recognized expert in the field, this book provides detailed, step-by-step instructions to prepare and characterize the major types of porous silicon. It is intended for those new to the fi eld. Sampling of topics covered: * Principles of Etching Porous Silicon * Etch Cell Construction and Considerations * Photonic Crystals, Microcavities, and Bragg Stacks Etched in Silicon * Preparation of Free-standing Films and Particles of Porous Silicon * Preparation of Photoluminescent Nanoparticles from Porous Silicon * Preparation of Silicon Nanowires by Electrochemical Etch of Silicon * Surface Modifi cation Chemistry and Biochemistry * Measurement of Optical Properties * Measurement of Pore Size, Porosity, Thickness, Surface Area The whole is backed by a generous use of color photographs to illustrate the described procedures in detail, plus a bibliography of further literature pertinent to a wide range of application fi elds. For materials scientists, chemists, physicists, optical physicists, biomaterials scientists, neurobiologists, bioengineers, and graduate students in those fields, as well as those working in the semiconductor industry.
Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications, Second Edition, provides an updated guide to the diverse range of biomedical applications of porous silicon, from biosensing and imaging to tissue engineering and cancer therapy. Across biomedical disciplines, there is an ongoing search for biomaterials that are biocompatible, modifiable, structurally sound, and versatile. Porous silicon possesses a range of properties that make it ideal for a variety of biomedical applications, such as controllable geometry, tunable nanoporous structure, large pore volume/high specific surface area, and versatile surface chemistry. This book provides a fully updated and detailed overview of the range of biomedical applications for porous silicon. Part One offers the reader a helpful insight into the fundamentals and beneficial properties of porous silicon, including thermal properties and stabilization, photochemical and nonthermal chemical modification, protein modification, and biocompatibility. The book then builds on the systematic detailing of each biomedical application using porous silicon, from bioimaging and sensing to drug delivery and tissue engineering. This new edition also includes new chapters on in-vivo assessment of porous silicon, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, micro- and nanoneedles, Raman imaging, cancer immunotherapy, and more. With its acclaimed editor and international team of expert contributors, Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications, Second Edition, is a technical resource and indispensable guide for all those involved in the research, development, and application of porous silicon and other biomaterials, while providing a comprehensive introduction for students and academics interested in this field. Reviews the fundamental aspects of porous silicon, including the fabrication and unique properties of this useful material. Discusses a broad selection of biomedical applications, offering a detailed insight into the benefits of porous silicon in both research and clinical settings. Includes fully updated content from the previous edition, as well as brand new chapters, covering topics such as porous silicon micro- and nanoneedles, and cancer immunotherapy.
This book discusses multiways in the porous materials. It involves materials with a large number of holes, and it highlights the synthesis, structure, and surface properties of porous materials closely related to more applications, such as support, catalyst, energy storage, chemical reactions, and optical applications. It studies the effect of the filling materials, the thermal treatments, and the porous density in the improvement of physical properties, electrical and energy efficiency, and the generation of new materials. Some synthetic process will be discussed with the effect of some parameters on the final characteristics of the prepared porous structures.
This three-volume set provides an updated, comprehensive, single reference of information on porous silicon that was previously scattered across numerous journal articles. The first volume reviews the fundamentals of silicon porosification as well as the properties and processing of porous silicon. The second volume discusses applications of por
This volume provides a comprehensive review of the experimental and theoretical aspects of the optical and transport properties of nanoporous silicon, their relation to the microscopic structure of nanocrystals, and the application of porous silicon in optical devices. As porous silicon is an ideal substance for the modelling of optical processes in nanocrystalline materials, this volume also is an excellent reference source on the more general subject of the structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline semiconductors.
Due to the recent discovery of the room-temperature visible light emission from porous silicon (P-Si), a great interest in P-Si and related materials has arisen in the last decade of the 20th century. Crystalline (c-) Si, at the heart of integrated circuits, has an indirect band gap of 1.1 eV, which limits its application in optoelectronics. The visible light emitting P-Si may open a new field combining Si integrated technology and optoelectronics. This book is a comprehensive review of the recent research and development of porous silicon. Strong visible photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) from P-Si and other forms of silicon nanocrystallites (nc-Si) are reviewed. Several proposed mechanisms for the PL from porous silicon such as quantum confinement, amorphicity and molecular PL are studied. The following issues are covered: mechanisms for the visible light emission, physical structures, studies of the PL and EL, correlation of structure and optical studies, surface physics and chemistry, relationships among various forms (P-Si, a-Si, µc-Si), device applications, future developments.
The Handbook of Porous Silicon brings together the expertise of a large, international team of almost 100 academic researchers, engineers, and product developers from industry across electronics, medicine, nutrition and consumer care to summarize the field in its entirity with 150 chapters and 5000 references. The volume presents 5 parts which cover fabrication techniques, material properties, characterization techniques, processing and applications. Much attention was given in the the past to its luminescent properties, but increasingly it is the biodegradability, mechanical, thermal and sensing capabilities that are attracting attention. The volume is divided into focussed data reviews with, wherever possible, quantitative rather than qualitative descriptions of both properties and performance. The book is targeted at undergraduates, postgraduates, and experienced researchers.
This book covers the latest research on porous materials at the submicron scale and inspires readers to better understand the porosity of materials, as well as to develop innovative new materials. A comprehensive range of materials are covered, including carbon-based and organic-based porous materials, porous anodic alumina, silica, and titania-based sol-gel materials. The fabrication, characterization, and applications of these materials are all explored, with applications ranging from sensors, thermoelectrics, catalysis, energy storage, to photovoltaics. Also of practical use for readers are chapters that describe the basics of porous silicon fabrication and its use in optical sensing and drug delivery applications; how thermal transport is affected in porous materials; how to model diffusion in porous materials; and a unique chapter on an innovative spectroscopic technique used to characterize materials' porosity. This is an ideal book for graduate students, researchers, and professionals who work with porous materials.
Porous Semiconductors: Optical Properties and Applications provides an examination of porous semiconductor materials. Beginning with a description of the basic electrochemistry of porous semiconductors and the different kinds of porous semiconductor materials that can be fabricated, the book moves on to describe the fabrication processes used in the production of porous semiconductor optical components. Concluding the text, a number of optical components based on porous semiconductor materials are discussed in depth. Porous Semiconductors: Optical Properties and Applications provides a thorough grounding in the design, fabrication and theory behind the optical applications of porous semiconductor materials for graduate and undergraduate students interested in optics, photonics, MEMS, and material science. The book is also a valuable reference for scientists, researchers, and engineers in the field of optics and materials science.