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This guidance note provides advice on the principles, risks, materials and methods for improving the thermal performance of buildings built with early forms of masonry cavity walls dating from before the Second World War. Builders and architects started to experiment with cavity or 'hollow walls' from early in the Victorian period. By the first decade of the 20th century, most pattern books for houses included examples of outer walls with two separate leaves of brickwork. Initially the development of the hollow wall was to provide as much protection as possible from the elements, especially driving rain, together with enhanced stability and economy of materials. These types of wall first appeared in exposed areas, particularly coastal locations. Since the energy crisis of the early 1970s it has become common to fill or partially fill the cavity with a variety of insulation materials to reduce the heat loss through the wall. Modern cavity walls (post-Second World War) often provide a good opportunity to improve thermal performance with cavity insulation. Such insulation is invisible, cheap and quick to install, with no reduction to room sizes. However, cavity insulation is not generally suitable for all cavity walls particularly those classed as 'early cavity walls'. The performance of early cavity walls will differ from that of later cavity walls and these differences need to be taken into account when considering the addition of insulation. However, some early cavity walls can be insulated using cavity insulation and this guidance discusses how to determine whether any particular wall is suitable. For some early cavity walls, cavity fill insulation will always be unsuitable and the construction needs to be treated as a solid wall, insulated either internally or externally or not at all. This guidance forms one of a series of thirteen guidance notes covering the thermal upgrading of building elements such as roofs, walls and floors.
Covers housing disrepair claims and cavity wall claims, and in particular focuses on the day-to-day issues encountered with such cases including spotting the winners and losers quickly and efficiently, practical tips for investigation, litigation tactics, a summary of the law, the important cases, and how to run these claims efficiently.
Valuation and Sale of Residential Property is aimed at all those studying for a qualification or already practising as residential valuers, surveyors and estate agents. It provides valuable information on all elements of the home sales process, enabling professionals to give advice on market value, the best means for sale, condition and financial arrangements. Topics covered include: determinants of value and provision of the valuation agency, auction and taking instructions mortgage valuation and survey legal process and types of tenure investment and return. The author considers these topics against a background of wide legislative change and draws on the standard guidelines set down by the RICS and NAEA. This third edition, written at a time of rapid change in the home-selling market, details the processes and procedures for dealing with this ever-evolving market. Whatever your level of seniority, this book will help you stay ahead of the game and present sound advice to clients at any stage of the process.