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The Republic of Sierra Leone is situated along the West African Coast. It is bounded on the north and north east by Guinea on the east and south by Liberia and on the West by the Atlantic Ocean. Sierra Leone has a total land area of 72,000 km of which about 75% is cultivable. According to the 2015 census it has a population of 7,092,113 million people. In 2018 the country was divided into five regions including the Northern, Northern Western, Eastern and Southern provinces. The provinces are further divided into sixteen districts and a total of 190 chiefdoms headed by Paramount chiefs. Sierra Leone is characterized by favorable climate in terms of wet and dry seasons, which makes it mainly suitable for agriculture production and the growing of different types of crops in the country as a whole. Sierra Leone is suitable for cattle rearing; groundnut and cashew nut farming, particularly in the north, the eastern region grows coffee and cacao and the south, cacao, ginger and piassava, oil-palm, rice, cassava and sweet potatoes all of which are grown in every part of the country. The country has vast acres of arable land for agriculture production. Apart from this agriculture potential, Sierra Leone is very rich in natural resources such as diamonds, gold, iron ore, bauxite, rutile, forest as well as marine resources etc. most of these resources can be found in both south and east of the country and recent, the north also has discovered some of these minerals such as bauxite and iron ore, diamonds have also been discovered. Sierra Leone is among the leading producers of Iron Ore, Diamonds and Bauxite in the world
This edited collection is the first book-length project to undertake a multidisciplinary study of democratization and human security in the post war nation of Sierra Leone. The overarching theme is there is synergy of democratization and human security which makes it imperative for the state to foster and enhance the realization of these concepts in postwar Sierra Leone. The book is divided into two broad thematic sections. The first section deals with democratization with a critical examination of the creation and instrumentality of institutions largely considered a necessity for democracy to take hold in a country. The second section delineates human security or the lack thereof in key areas of political, social and economic life. Though the book is specific to Sierra Leone, African countries and indeed countries transitioning to democracy around the world, scholars and practitioners of postwar or democratic transition studies would benefit from the concepts expounded in this collection.
In this issue we discuss the major challenges to the democracy project in Africa, using South Africa, Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Somalia as case studies. We pose some key questions: Are the current efforts at instituting liberal democracy and its ethos in Africa sustainable? What are the challenges facing the democracy project in Africa? How are they being negotiated? And what are the implications of all these for the fate of the democracy project itself, and for Africa's development aspirations? In an overview paper, Usman Tar discusses some of the major challenges in instituting and sustaining the democracy project in Africa, noting that in the continent, "state structures remain weak and prone to elite manipulation and abuse." He also notes that "state-society relations are erratic and contemptuous because the state is commonly perceived as serving the narrow interest of its governing elites." Dirk Kotze examines the democratic consolidation process in South Africa, arguing that the "unique nature of South Africa's democratisation is not its content but its process." Usman Tar sees Nigeria, especially after the acrimonious April 2007 elections, as being something of a paradox, having on the one hand "a plethora of factors and institutions that are potentially conducive to the construction of democracy" and on the other hand exhibiting the typical features of a failing 'peripheral' state, including operating "one of the least stable federal and presidential democratic systems in the world." Peter F. Z. Zaizay looks at security sector reform and the fight against crime and disorder in Liberia, noting that demobilised soldiers, left largely unemployed, pose a real threat not only to the democracy project in the country but also to its, peace, security and prosperity. T. Debey Sayndee discusses the post-conflict challenges in Liberia, arguing that the current scramble for the "public space by all age groups and gender" can be considered an essential recipe for building a democratic culture" in that country, and should therefore be harnessed in the rebuilding process. Mats Utas analyses the recent elections in Sierra Leone, which was won by the opposition APC, and where many voters did a "watermelon" by taking shirts and money from the ruling SLPP, while voting for APC. Abdurahman Abdullahi examines how Somali women achieved political empowerment in Somalia between 2000 and 2003 (they were "offered a quota of 11% in the Transitional Parliament of 2000") and argues that the move was a "remarkable milestone that is unprecedented in Somalia." He believes that such a gesture in a patriarchal Islamic country that is torn by inter-clan feuds, contains within it the seed of hope for the democracy project in the country. In addition to the above articles, we also brought a number of other articles, from how to reposition family planning to reduce unmet needs to a discussion of the politics of resistance to dictatorship in Nurudin Farah's novel. Adonis & Abbey Publishers opens Nigerian office After two years of trying to find a way of creating a presence in Nigeria, we have finally opened an office/bookshop in Lagos. Please visit us at 35A Bode Thomas, Surulere, Lagos (Telephone: +234 (0) 1895 0040"
Almost ten years on from the official end of wars in Sierra Leone (2002) and Liberia (2003), attention is shifting from post-war peacebuilding to longer-term development. What headway has been made? What challenges lie ahead? And what lessons that can be learnt? This issue of Accord draws on experiences and perspectives from across societies in both countries to explore comparative lessons and examine progress, and argues that peacebuilding policy and practice needs to concentrate more on people: on repairing and building relationships among communities, and between communities and the state; and on developing more participatory politics and society that includes marginalised groups. It suggests that customary practices and mechanisms can help deliver essential services across a range sectors, and that local civil society can facilitate national and international policy engagement with them.
Questions surrounding democracy, governance, and development especially in the view of Africa have provoked acrimonious debates in the past few years. It remains a perennial question why some decades after political independence in Africa the continent continues experiencing bad governance, lagging behind socioeconomically, and its democracy questionable. We admit that a plethora of theories and reasons, including iniquitous and malicious ones, have been conjured in an attempt to explain and answer the questions as to why Africa seems to be lagging behind other continents in issues pertaining to good governance, democracy and socio-economic development. Yet, none of the theories and reasons proffered so far seems to have provided enduring solutions to Africa’s diverse complex problems and predicaments. This book dissects and critically examines the matrix of Africa’s multifaceted problems on governance, democracy and development in an attempt to proffer enduring solutions to the continent’s long-standing political and socio-economic dilemmas and setbacks.
At the turn of the twenty-first century, manipulation of the democratic process coupled with preexisting political and economic grievances led to years-long civil wars in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte d'Ivoire. During and after these conflicts, international peacekeeping efforts and humanitarian intervention became the dominant paths for restoring stability by rebuilding the state. Using these three countries as case studies, this manuscript sheds light on internationally driven state building in war-torn West African nations, the problematic nature of the postcolonial state, and the difficulties of securing its people's wellbeing. Connecting peace and conflict, democracy, and international development studies, Bah and Emmanuel argue that there is a clear nexus between the concepts and practices of peace building and statebuilding; that peace building and statebuilding are not domestic matters alone but also matters of global intervention; and that civil wars can be viewed as opportunities for state building through creative postwar partnerships and organization. This study goes beyond the familiar concepts of failed states, R2P, peacekeeping, and peace mediation and introduces and enhances the concepts of state decay, new humanitarianism, people-centered liberalism, and institutional design. In doing so, it provides critical lessons that local and international actors can draw on as they try to figure out practical solutions to the political, economic, and social problems that impede the development of peaceful and democratic multiethnic postcolonial states in Africa and beyond. Applying comparative-historical methods and theory to archival materials and expert interviews, International Statebuilding in West Africa seeks to shift the discourse on civil wars from their causes and implications to the opportunities they provide to rework failed states—and to shift the discourse on African states from their colonial and neocolonial legacies to their shared moral and security interests with the rest of the world.
The Government of Sierra Leone’s new Medium-term National Development Plan (MTNDP) 2019–2023 has been founded on a strong political commitment to deliver devel-opment results that would improve the welfare of Sierra Leone’s citizens. The plan charts a clear path towards 2023 en route to the goal of achieving middle-income status by 2039 through inclusive growth that is sustainable and leaves no one behind. For the next five years, the Free Quality School Education Programme is the government’s flagship programme to provide a solid base to enhance human capital development and to facilitate the transformation of the economy.