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The economic crisis in sub - Saharan Africa presents a major challenge to donors and to policy-makers. After an initial period of growth following independence, most African economies faltered, then failed. Repressed producer prices, inefficient public marketing boards, and weak government commitment have often been blamed for the poor performance of agriculture, Africa's most important sector. Thus, since the mid-1980s, many structural adjustment programs have emphasized price and marketing reforms, and countries have liberalized the marketing and pricing of major food crops. These reforms have improved the performance of the agricultural sector, but the effects on growth and real income have not met expectations. Deficient infrastructure, inadequate access to inputs and credit, poor extension services, and inefficient marketing systems constrain the effective expansion of production. There must be reforms that specifically address these constraints. This paper examines the reasons behind successful and unsuccessful experiences with rural co-ops and reevaluates the potential for remedying the major problems. It briefly explains the motivation for and effectiveness of rural co-ops in developed countries through the example of the Dutch. It then focuses on the development of rural cooperatives in sub - Saharan Africa and on the main issues and problems, including internal and external constraints.
Agricultural cooperatives and producer organizations are institutional innovations which have the potential to reduce poverty and improve food security. This book presents a raft of international case studies, from developing and transition countries, to analyse the internal and external challenges that these complex organizations face and the solutions that they have developed. The contributors provide an increased understanding of the transformation of traditional community organizations into modern farmer-owned businesses. They cover issues including: the impact on rural development and inclusiveness, the role of social capital, formal versus informal organizations, democratic participation and member relations, and their role in value chains. Students and scholars will find the book’s multidisciplinary approach useful in their research. It will also be of interest to policy-makers seeking to understand the wide diversity of organizational forms and functions. NGOs, donors and governments seeking to support rural developments will benefit from the discussions raised in this book.
In celebration of cooperatives’ contributions to community development processes and outcomes worldwide, the United Nations designated 2012 as the Year of the Cooperative. Today, as in the past, cooperatives have proved effective in bringing people and organizations together to accomplish a broad array of goals related to fostering social and economic innovation, protecting communities against poor living and working conditions, and promoting a better quality of life. Analytically, as both a movement and as a business model, cooperatives hold much potential for generating the types of synergies, collaboration, and productive and social processes that enable community development to thrive in a variety of local, regional and global contexts. This collection of articles chronicles new developments in the ways in which cooperatives are used in a diverse array of community contexts. They offer insight as to what these changes mean, both empirically and theoretically, for community development in the decades to come. This book is a compilation of articles published in the journal Community Development.
Development studies in developing regions such as Southern Africa rely heavily on materials developed by Europeans with a European context. European dominance in development studies emanates from the fact that the discipline was first developed by Europeans. Some argue that this has led to distortions in theory and practice of development in Southern Africa. This book wishes to begin Africa’s expedition to develop proper material to de-Westernize while Africanizing the context of the scholarship of rural development. African Perspectives on Reshaping Rural Development is an essential reference source that repositions the context of rural development studies from the Western-centric knowledge system into an African context in order to solve African-centered problems. Featuring research on topics such as food security, poverty reduction, and community engagement, this book is ideally designed for planners, researchers, practitioners, policymakers, government officials, academicians, and students seeking clarity on theory and practice of development in Africa.
The two volumes consist of the preliminary report and questionnaire (published in 2000), and the larger report based on answers to the questionnaire (published in 2001).
Explores the underlying rationale for the approach adopted by the COOPAfrica, a regional technical programme established by the ILO in October 2007, and highlights innovative features in the process of setting up and implementing phase 1 of the programme (2007-2010).