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For the past 20 years, corporations have been receiving huge tax breaks and subsidies in the name of "jobs, jobs, jobs." But, as Greg LeRoy demonstrates in this important new book, it's become a costly scam. Playing states and communities off against each other in a bidding war for jobs, corporations reduce their taxes to next-to-nothing and win subsidy packages that routinely exceed $100,000 per job. But the subsidies come with few strings attached. So companies feel free to provide fewer jobs, or none at all, or even outsource and lay people off. They are also free to pay poverty wages without health care or other benefits. All too often, communities lose twice. They lose jobs--or gain jobs so low-paying they do nothing to help the community--and lose revenue due to the huge corporate tax breaks. That means fewer resources for maintaining schools, public services, and infrastructure. In the end, the local governments that were hoping for economic revitalization are actually worse off. They're forced to raise taxes on struggling small businesses and working families, or reduce services, or both. Greg LeRoy uses up-to-the-minute examples, naming names--including Wal-Mart, Raytheon, Fidelity, Bank of America, Dell, and Boeing--to reveal how the process works. He shows how carefully corporations orchestrate the bidding wars between states and communities. He exposes shadowy "site location consultants" who play both sides against the middle, and he dissects government and corporate mumbo-jumbo with plain talk. The book concludes by offering common-sense reforms that will give taxpayers powerful new tools to deter future abuses and redirect taxpayer investments in ways that will really pay off.
Congress is considering numerous proposals to create new forms of targeted assistance for the manufacturing sector. One of the more contentious issues in the policy debate concerns the role federal policy should play in the allocation of economic resources to and within the sector. This report examines a key element of current federal support for manufacturing: tax benefits. More specifically, it identifies and describes current federal tax preferences that offer significant benefits for small and large manufacturing firms. To broaden the context for the current policy debate over federal support for manufacturing, the report also provides a brief overview of federal non-tax support for manufacturing. In addition, the report identifies bills in the 112th Congress that would enhance current tax preferences and explains how eligible manufacturers might be affected. It concludes with a discussion of the chief arguments for and against additional targeted support for manufacturing and their implications for federal policy. Current federal tax law contains nine provisions with a strong potential to provide significant tax relief to firms primarily engaged in manufacturing. A few of them are targeted at manufacturing; the others tend to benefit manufacturers more than firms in most other sectors. The provisions include the deferral of the active income of controlled foreign subsidiaries of U.S.-based corporations, the research tax credit, the expensing of outlays for research and experimentation, and accelerated depreciation for certain capital assets. Numerous bills have been introduced in the 112th Congress that would enhance some of these tax preferences or create new ones. Among the notable proposals are H.R. 10/S. 1237, H.R. 689, H.R. 1036, H.R. 3476, H.R. 3495, H.R. 5727, S. 256, S. 825, and S. 2237. There is considerable variation among the bills in the extent to which they would benefit manufacturing firms. Several would extend and enhance the research tax credit, extend the generous depreciation allowances that were available in 2011, and allow a full exclusion for gains on small business stock. Proponents of targeted federal assistance for manufacturing make several arguments to back their stance. First, they say the assistance is needed to help the United States become more dependent on exports and domestic production as sources of economic growth. Second, a federal manufacturing policy, in their view, would encourage the creation of more manufacturing jobs, which pay higher wages and benefits, on average, than do non-manufacturing jobs. Third, proponents point out that manufacturing industries perform the vast share of private-sector research and development, and innovation is a primary engine of economic growth. Fourth, they note that manufacturing plays a critical role in the growth of the green economy. And because many foreign governments provide assistance to their manufacturers, say proponents, the United States should do the same to avoid a loss of competitiveness. By contrast, critics of special federal assistance for manufacturing say it is not warranted on economic grounds, since there is no discernible market failure that is peculiar to goods production. They also maintain that promoting job growth in manufacturing would do little to create the millions of jobs needed to achieve full employment again. Finally, in their view, the U.S. economy would benefit more from increased efforts by the federal government to dismantle foreign barriers to expanding U.S. exports of services than from policies aimed at boosting the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturers.
COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH STUDY POSTWAR TAXATION AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH STUDIES THE LIQUIDATION OF WAR PRODUCTION By A. D. H. Kaplan DEMOBILIZATION OF WARTIME ECONOMIC CONTROLS By John Maurice Clark PROVIDING FOR UNEMPLOYED WORKERS IN THE TRANSITION By Richard A. Lester PRODUCTION, JOBS AND TAXES By Harold M. Groves INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND DOMESTIC EMPLOYMENT By Calvin B. Hoover AGRICULTURE IN AN UNSTABLE ECONOMY By Theodore W. Schultz POSTWAR TAXATION AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS By Harold M. Groves SUPPLEMENTARY RESEARCH PAPERS PERSONNEL PROBLEMS OF THE POSTWAR TRANSITION PERIOD By Charles A. Myers THE ECONOMICS OF A FREE SOCIETY By William Benton WORLD POLITICS FACES ECONOMICS By Harold D. Lasswell Published by C. E. D. COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH STUDY Postwar Taxation and Economic Progress BY HAROLD M. GROVES Professor of Economics University of Wisconsin FIRST EDITION McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC. NEW YORK AND LONDON 1946 The Trustees of the Committee for Economic Development established the Research Committee to initiate studies into the principles of business policy and of public policy which will foster the full contribution by industry and commerce in the postwar period to the attainment of high and secure standards of living for people in all walks of life through maximum employment and high produc tivity in the domestic economy. From C. E. D. By-Laws. The studies are assigned by the Research Director to qualified scholars, drawn largely from leading universities. Under the by-laws all research is to be thoroughly objective in character, and the approach in each instance is to be from the standpoint of the general welfare and not from that of any special political or economic group. The reports present the findings of the authors, who have complete freedom to express their own con clusions. They do not purport to set forth the views of the Trustees, the Research Committee, the Research Advisory Board, the Research Staff, or the business men affiliated with the C. E. D. This report is the second volume on taxation as related to economic progress and the tenth in the series. The Research Committee draws on these studies and other available information in formulating its recommendations as to national policy for the problems examined. Its policy statements are offered as an aid to clearer understanding of steps to be taken to reach and maintain a high level of pro ductive employment and a steadily rising standard of living. The statements are available from the national or any local C. E. D. office. FOREWORD THIS study was undertaken to develop recommendations for a postwar tax system patterned genuinely in the public interest. The objective was not a blueprint for temporary transition policy but rather the specifications for a permanent tax structure toward which we should be working. While the book does illuminate transition issues, its main value lies in its contribution to perspective and understanding regarding long run problems. Fiscal-monetary policy is not considered extensively here. This subject will be dealt with in a forthcoming C. E. D. report, Jobs and Markets in the Transition, and in a later volume addressed to long-run fiscal problems. As a companion piece to Groves report, the reader will be interested in the policy statement by the Research Committee, A Postwar Federal Tax Plan for High Employment. This state ment, based on a preliminary study by Professor Groves of the relationship of taxation to incentives and to employment, as well as other materials, parallels closely Groves conclusions in this final study. The various research projects, completed and in process, that comprise the C. E. D. research program are outlined on pages 406-410. THEODORE O...