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Interest in product data exchange and interfaces in the CAD/CAM area is steadi ly growing. The rapidly increasing graphics applications in engineering and sci ence has led to a great variety of heterogeneous hardware and software products. This has become a major obstacle in the progress of systems integration. To improve this situation CAD/CAM users have called for specification and imple mentation of standardized product data interfaces. These needs resulted in the definition of preliminary standards in this area. Since 1975 activities have been concentrated on developing standards for three major areas: - computer graphics, - sculptured surfaces, and - data exchange for engineering drawings. The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) has been accepted as an international standard for graphics programming in 1984, Y14.26M (IGES) was adopted as an American Standard in 1981 and the VDA Surface Interface (VDAFS) has been accepted by the German National Standardization Institute (DIN NAM 96.4). Although considerable progress has been achieved, the complexity of the subject and the dynamics of the CAD/CAM-development still calls for more generality and compatibility of the interfaces. This has resulted in an inter national discussion on further improvements of the standards. The major goal of this book is to bring together the different views and experiences in industry and university in the area of Product Data Interfaces, thereby contributing to the ongoing work in improving the state of the art.
The material in this book was presented in the tutorial programme of the Eurographics '87 Conference, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1987. The book contains eight contributions, from leading experts in each field. Major aspects of computer graphics fundamentals, interactive techniques and three-dimensional modelling techniques are discussed and a state-of-the-art survey on the increasingly important area of desktop publishing is given. The theory of fractals is covered by presenting a thorough treatment of their mathematics and programming. Furthermore, overviews of several topics, such as the theory and methods of modelling three-dimensional shapes and objects, the fundamental concepts and current advances in user interface management systems, and existing CAD-interface specifications, are included. The book will be of interest to systems designers, application programmers and researchers who wish to gain a deeper knowledge of the state-of-the-art in the areas covered.
This book collects together several of the tutorials held at EUROGRAPHICS'89 in Hamburg. The conference was held under the motto "Integration, Visualisation, Interaction" and the tutorials reflect the conference theme. The Springer series EurographicSeminars with the volumes "Advances in Computer Graphics" regularly provides a professional update on current mainstream topics in the field. These publications give readers the opportunity to inform themselves thoroughly on the topics covered. The success of the series is mainly based on the expertise of the contributing authors, who are recognized professionals in their field. Starting out with one of the conference's main topics, the chapter "Visualization of Scientific Data" gives an overview of methods for displaying scientific results in an easily surveyable and comprehensible form. It presents algorithms and methods utilized to achieve visualization results in a form adequate for humans. User interfaces for such systems are also explored, and practical conclusions are drawn. The chapter "Color in Computer Graphics" describes the problems of manipulating and matching color in the real world. After some fundamental statements about color models and their relationships, the main emphasis is placed on the problem of objective color specification for computer graphics systems. It is very hard to match colors between devices such as scanners, printers and displays. Some suggestions on the effective use of color for graphics are also made.
This authoritative book -- discussing CAD/CAM in detail from the user's rather than the vendor's point of view -- provides the valuable information engineers and managers need for optimal CAD/CAM implementation and use. It introduces CAD/CAM hardware and software, and demonstrates how to select a CAD/CAM solution for your company's specific requirements ... explains how to implement a CAD/CAM system, with special attention to training and education, and with useful checklists ... describes ongoing systems ... presents an informative overview of CAD/CAM's industrial use ... and details case studies of CAD/CAM applications, representing a broad range of companies throughout the world, in various industrial sectors, at different stages of CAD/CAM use. Complete with a glossary that clearly defines all CAD/CAM terminology, this essential reference source is mandatory reading for mechanical, manufacturing, automotive and aerospace engineers and managers; CAD/CAM system vendors; computer manufacturers; graduate-level courses in mechanical and manufacturing engineering, CAD/CAM, and computer science; and professional seminars in mechanical, manufacturing, and automotive engineering. Book jacket.
1 Aims and Features of This Book The contents of t. his book were originally planned t. o be included in a book en titled Geometric lIIodeling and CAD/CAM to be written by M. Hosaka and F. Kimura, but since the draft. of my part of the book was finished much earlier than Kimura's, we decided to publish this part separately at first. In it, geometrically oriented basic methods and tools used for analysis and synthesis of curves and surfaces used in CAD/CAM, various expressions and manipulations of free-form surface patches and their connection, interference as well as their qualit. y eval uation are treated. They are important elements and procedures of geometric models. And construction and utilization of geometric models which include free-form surfaces are explained in the application examples, in which the meth ods and the techniques described in this book were used. In the succeeding book which Kimura is to write, advanced topics such as data structures of geometric models, non-manifold models, geometric inference as well as tolerance problems and product models, process planning and so on are to be included. Conse quently, the title of this book is changed to Modeling of Curves and Surfaces in CAD/CAM. Features of this book are the following. Though there are excellent text books in the same field such as G. Farin's Curves and Surfaces for CAD /CAM[l] and C. M.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
The content of this book is an information model for technical drawings, the so-called "Drafting Model". The Drafting Model is a part of a complex information model describing product definition data, their applications and their representations. The definition of the information model is a central component of the development of STEP, a future international standard for the exchange of product defmition data. Here the Drafting Model particularly encloses descriptions for the representations of organizational drawing data, tolerances, dimensions and surface attributes such as surface fmish symbols (a survey of the whole content is shown in the figure above). Additional to that requirements for the Presentation Model concerning the representation of geometry as well as the integration process for both the Drafting and the Presentation Models are formulated. The extent of the Drafting Model is restricted to the application area "Mechanical Engineering". Within the Drafting Model the annotation representations are described on the one hand informally and on the other hand formally using a high level language for information modeling, EXPRESS. Principally the representations of the annotation are described according to the international drawing standards. Thus the semantics pertinent to the specific graphical appearance are maintained. The data structures provide formal descriptions of annotations at a high generation level, which means that a "way" is defmed how to generate these annotations.
This book contains selected papers of the 11th OpenFOAM® Workshop that was held in Guimarães, Portugal, June 26 - 30, 2016. The 11th OpenFOAM® Workshop had more than 140 technical/scientific presentations and 30 courses, and was attended by circa 300 individuals, representing 180 institutions and 30 countries, from all continents. The OpenFOAM® Workshop provided a forum for researchers, industrial users, software developers, consultants and academics working with OpenFOAM® technology. The central part of the Workshop was the two-day conference, where presentations and posters on industrial applications and academic research were shown. OpenFOAM® (Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation) is a free, open source computational toolbox that has a larger user base across most areas of engineering and science, from both commercial and academic organizations. As a technology, OpenFOAM® provides an extensive range of features to solve anything from complex fluid flows involving chemical reactions, turbulence and heat transfer, to solid dynamics and electromagnetics, among several others. Additionally, the OpenFOAM technology offers complete freedom to customize and extend its functionalities.
Visualization in scientific computing is getting more and more attention from many people. Especially in relation with the fast increase of com puting power, graphic tools are required in many cases for interpreting and presenting the results of various simulations, or for analyzing physical phenomena. The Eurographics Working Group on Visualization in Scientific Com puting has therefore organized a first workshop at Electricite de France (Clamart) in cooperation with ONERA (Chatillon). A wide range of pa pers were selected in order to cover most of the topics of interest for the members of the group, for this first edition, and 26 of them were presented in two days. Subsequently 18 papers were selected for this volume. 1'he presentations were organized in eight small sessions, in addition to discussions in small subgroups. The first two sessions were dedicated to the specific needs for visualization in computational sciences: the need for graphics support in large computing centres and high performance net works, needs of research and education in universities and academic cen tres, and the need for effective and efficient ways of integrating numerical computations or experimental data and graphics. Three of those papers are in Part I of this book. The third session discussed the importance and difficulties of using stan dards in visualization software, and was related to the fourth session where some reference models and distributed graphics systems were discussed. Part II has five papers from these sessions.