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And Conclusions -- A. The Economic and Agricultural Environment -- B. Agro-Food Restructuring -- C. Agricultural Policies -- D. International Trade Relations -- E. Assistance to Agriculture -- F. Conclusion -- Part I. Economic and Agricultural Environment -- A. General Aspects -- B. Agricultural Situation -- Part II. Agro-Food Foreign Trade -- A. Trade Flows -- B. Trade Relations -- Part III. Privatisation and Structural Change in the Agro-Food Sector -- A. Land Ownership in Russia - Historical Overview -- B. Farm Structures Before Reform -- C. The Process of Land and Agrarian Reform -- D. Privatisation in the Upstream and Downstream Sectors -- E. Privatisation and Reorganization of the Social and Technical Infrastructure -- Part IV. Agricultural and Food Policy Objectives and Measures -- A. Agricultural Policy Framework -- B. Price and Income Support Measures -- C. Foreign Trade Measures -- D. Reduction of Input Costs -- E. Infrastructural Measures -- F. Rural Development Measures -- G. Social Measures -- H. Environmental Measures -- I. Consumer Measures -- J. Overall Budgetary Outlays on Agro-Food Policies -- Part V. Evaluation of Support to Agriculture -- -A. Aggregate Results -- B. Exchange Rate Sensitivity -- C. Decomposition Analysis of Support -- D. Analysis of Support by Commodity -- Bibliography -- Annex I. Assistance to Russian Agriculture: Concepts, Methodology, and PSE and CSE Data -- Annex II. Main Political and Agricultural Policy Events 1985-1997 -- Annex III. Regional Analysis of Agricultural Policy in the Russian Federation.
This study is one of the most comprehensive analyses and assessments of developments in Russia's agricultural policies since the onset of reform, drawing on the OECD's well-established method of calculating support from agricultural policies using Producer and Consumer Subsidy Equivalents.
This book analyzes the transition of Russia's agro-food sector from a centrally planned system to a market-oriented one. The chapters set out to explain the initial conditions of transition, describe the measures undertaken, survey the current situation, and offer perspectives on how best to continue with the reform. Hence, the book not only provides insights into Russia's food economy, it also gives very valuable information about the process of transition and the question: What next? Within the Russian context, the food economy is of special importance, due to the relatively high share it represents in the economy and its importance for employment. Furthermore, the privatization and the restructuring of the country's agro-food sector is one of the most controversial issues in the ongoing domestic political debate about the reform process. Russia is also important in that its reintegration into the world economy is at stake. Russia's Agro-Food Sector: Towards Truly Functioning Markets should increase the understanding of the issues causing the cumbersome implementation of reform measures and, in so doing, might provide scholars and policymakers with advice on how to improve the transition process. In fact, one of the most important lessons from the book is that markets will continue to malfunction as long as institutions are not functioning properly.
Interventions in sugar markets come about for many reasons. Often the consequences of these policies persist even when the circumstances that motivated them change. Or the underlying problems that motivated past interventions remain even when it's clear that current approaches have failed. Reform of sugar markets needs to go beyond eliminating failed policies, and find lasting solutions.
Agricultural commodity markets in many developing countries are being reformed and are being based on market forces rather than regulated prices and official monopolies. This book discusses reforms in the markets for cocoa, coffee, cotton, grains, and sugar and looks at the reasons for success and failure.
This conference proceedings examines how trade liberalisation and rich-country farming practices affect the world's poor.
Using original research from Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America, this book reviews the recent restructuring of the global agri-food industry and the dramatic rise of global retail chains in developing and transition countries. It focuses on the private standards and requirements imposed by multinational companies investing in these countries and the resulting changes to existing supply chains. It also examines the impact of these changes on local producers, particularly poor farmers, and considers the long-term policy implications in terms of growth and poverty.