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This new book explores the rapidly expanding applications of spatial analysis, GIS and remote sensing in the health sciences, and medical geography.
Significant advances in the evaluation and use of geographic information have had a major effect on key elements of public health. Strides in mapping technology as well as the availability and accuracy of health information enable public health practitioners to link and analyze data in new ways at international, regional, and even street levels. Th
This contributed volume focuses on the evolution and current state of the sub-discipline of health and medical geography in Africa. It encompasses theoretical and methodological issues as well as the current teaching and research capacities of institutions offering programs in health and medical geography in Africa. Further, the book will review the level of adoption of the sub-discipline in State policies and practice and also provide practical illustrations, with case studies, of how studies in the sub-discipline are central to the actualization of Africa's development agenda. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between health and development. Through its direct and indirect impacts on labor productivity, population health and wellbeing matter for the social and economic development of households and national economies. Yet, health is not uniform in space. And so is development. Comparatively on many health and development indicators, Africa fairs poorly. The variation in health may present as differences in the occurrence and spread of diseases, the distribution of and access to healthcare facilities, and/or in health outcomes among the population. Reasons for these variations range from biology to the population’s levels of exposure and susceptibility to elements in their environment, including the social interactions taking place within the environment. The field of health and medical geography focuses on the spatial patterns and processes underlying these variations and provides pathways for understanding and addressing them. More specifically, the sub-discipline of health and medical geography focuses on, among others, how places (their characteristics and processes that go on in them) and environmental factors underlie and/or influence disease patterns, exposure and susceptibility to diseases, health variations, health behavior, health outcomes, and the provision of and access to healthcare services. This volume documents perspectives and applications in health and medical geography in Africa for academics, students, health practitioners, and development policymakers.
Peter Gould, a prominent, award-­winning geographer who admits to having a low threshold for boredom, offers a collection of essays that reflect his eclectic research and provocative thinking. The topics range widely and include the diffusion of AIDS, mental maps, development themes in Africa, postmodernism, and the practices of teaching and writing. Becoming a Geographer expands on Gould's influential ideas and contributions to the field. Gould values the kind of independent thought and scholarship now often frowned upon by university administrators. He has written eighteen books and more than one hundred sixty articles that have appeared in more than seventy-six different journals dur­ing his forty-year career in research and higher education—his "lifetime sabbatical"—much of it spent teaching at Penn State. A witty, graceful, engaging writer, Could situates geography in a wider social context. In this book, he brings a fresh perspective to developments in the field including the quan­titative and mathematical revolution in geog­raphy in the 1960s and 1970s. He writes with directness and clarity about the use and mis­use of mathematics in illuminating social and geographical reality. His thoughts are especially valuable for what geography offers the world of learning and its capacity to help resolve urgent prob­lems of the day.
There is not an extensive literature on street sweeping. Much of the research that has been completed exists in the "gray" area of technical reports and government documents. Furthermore, a great deal of this research is locally based, and has not been widely published. Indeed, our review of the scientific literature, revealed that, while storm water quality has received a lot of attention, few academicians have been involved in street sweeping research per se. Thus, throughout our research into street we sweeper effectiveness, sweeping protocols, and sweeping practices, wished that there had been a book summarizing some of the important issues associated with street sweeping. As our frustration grew, we realized that we were uniquely poised to write such a book as our research had encompassed a variety of different projects including sweeper testing, waste management, and related storm water quality. Also, early on in this exercise, we recognized that there was a growing demand for information about street sweeping policies and management, especially for studies focusing on the effectiveness of different sweeping schedules, on waste management operations, and on non-point, pollution reduction practices associated with storm water runoff. It was abundantly clear that there was a profound lack of research on street sweeping that could assist with developing local, regional, or national policies. There was, in effect, little guidance for city managers on these issues.