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This volume opens with a keynote lecture by Rodney Ewing, member of the Board of Radioactive Waste Management of the National Research Council. Ewing summarizes 25 years of materials research in nuclear waste, emphasizing the progress that has been made and the challenges that still confront investigators and technologists in materials science and repository performance evaluation. The session is followed by one on container materials and engineered barriers, and includes a discussion on the corrosion performance expected for waste packages in the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Invited papers on performance assessment and repository studies for different national programs are also highlighted, with representation from the United States, Sweden, Japan, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, and the United Kingdom. A large number of papers focus on the structure, properties, and degradation of various waste forms such as glasses, ceramics (mostly for plutonium immobilization), cements, and spent nuclear fuel. For the second consecutive time, the number of papers on ceramics far exceeds those on glass, which had been the dominant material discussed at this symposium over the prior 23 years. New studies on zirconates confirm the recently discovered high radiation damage-resistance of this material. Additional topics include: performance assessment in high-level waste disposal; performance assessment in low-level waste disposal; ceramic structure and corrosion; radiation effects in ceramics; glass structure and corrosion; spent fuel; spent fuel cladding and alternative waste forms; cements in radioactive waste immobilization; contaminant transport; natural analogs; and waste processing.
"In this analysis we have presented a method that provides insight into future fuel cycle alternatives by clarifying the complexity of choosing an appropriate fuel cycle in the context of the distribution of burdens and benefits between generations. The current nuclear power deployment practices, together with three future fuel cycles were assessed."--Page 227.
At a time when many older facilities are being decommissioned and many more are undergoing major retrofits to extend their lives, there is a wealth of information emerging to guide the design of new facilities. In this publication, the most important lessons learned in recent years are examined.
This publication reports on the results of a coordinated research project on advances in high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) fuel technology and describes the findings of research activities on coated particle developments. These comprise two specific benchmark exercises with the application of HTGR fuel performance and fission product release codes, which helped compare the quality and validity of the computer models against experimental data. The project participants also examined techniques for fuel characterization and advanced quality assessment/quality control. The key exercise included a round-robin experimental study on the measurements of fuel kernel and particle coating properties of recent Korean, South African and US coated particle productions applying the respective qualification measures of each participating Member State. The summary report documents the results and conclusions achieved by the project and underlines the added value to contemporary knowledge on HTGR fuel.
Between 1973 and 2016, the ways to manipulate DNA to endow new characteristics in an organism (that is, biotechnology) have advanced, enabling the development of products that were not previously possible. What will the likely future products of biotechnology be over the next 5â€"10 years? What scientific capabilities, tools, and/or expertise may be needed by the regulatory agencies to ensure they make efficient and sound evaluations of the likely future products of biotechnology? Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology analyzes the future landscape of biotechnology products and seeks to inform forthcoming policy making. This report identifies potential new risks and frameworks for risk assessment and areas in which the risks or lack of risks relating to the products of biotechnology are well understood.