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Volume I contains plenary lectures addressing key issues confronting copper producers, namely future markets for copper, aspects of copper market forecasting, the financial performance of the industry, copper extraction technologies, and future developments and environmental constraints. This proceedings volume also includes eleven papers related to movement of copper and the industry's outlook, divided into the two broad areas of economics and finances and markets and trends. Six papers on new developments in the fabrication of copper-based alloys and materials and nine papers on a wide range of topics related to copper applications close out the volume.
Volume II addresses minerals processing and issues regarding the environment, health, and safety. The mineral processing section is divided into ten papers on operations and six on metallurgy. The environment, health, and safety papers address international regulations, arsenic management in copper smelting, selecting a tailings disposal system, and mine closure.
The smelter operations sessions presented more than 50 papers dealing with all aspects of pyrometallurgy. Topics included many industrial developments, including smelter modernization, waste -- heat boiler technology, gas cooling and heat recovery, sulfuric acid plant systems and designs, gas handling, efforts to refine the Pierce -- Smith converter process, Teniente technology, continuous processing, distribution and removal of impurities, Ausmelt technology smelter design, drying facilities, and furnace cooling design. Also included is a reprinted paper from the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers meeting of 1899.
Volume III contains 33 electrorefining and 15 electrowinning papers. The electrorefining papers provide a valuable record of the status of the industry and summarize research and development work in progress. The electrowinning section outlines the state of the industry and many supporting research activities. Topics include reduction of energy costs, stainless steel plating technology, and techniques to monitor and control impurities in the electrolyte. Lastly, several papers deal with modeling the electrorefining process to obtain better process control and enhance plant automation.
The hydrometallurgical papers of Volume IV highlight optimization efforts in solvent extraction/electrowinning operations in North and South America. Biohydrometallurgy, for example, not only takes a key role in copper recovery in many leach operations but offers a new role in cost-effective environmental remediation. The discussions of several approaches to the treatment of copper sulfide concentrates emphasize the high level of interest in finding alternative means of recovering copper and precious metals and avoiding many of the costs and impurity issues associated with the conventional processing.
This new edition has been extensively revised and updated since the 3rd edition published in 1994. It contains an even greater depth of industrial information, focussing on how copper metal is extracted from ore and scrap, and how this extraction could be made more efficient. Modern high intensity smelting processes are presented in detail, specifically flash, Contop, Isasmelt, Noranda, Teniente and direct-to-blister smelting. Considerable attention is paid to the control of SO2 emissions and manufacture of H2SO4. Recent developments in electrorefining, particularly stainless steel cathode technology are examined. Leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning are evaluated together with their impact upon optimizing mineral resource utilization. The book demonstrates how recycling of copper and copper alloy scrap is an important source of copper and copper alloys. Copper quality control is also discussed and the book incorporates an important section on extraction economics. Each chapter is followed by a summary of concepts previously described and offers suggested further reading and references.
Volume VI groups its papers into three sections covering technology development, process modeling, and fundamentals. There is a focus on transport phenomena in both flash and bath smelting processes, mathematical modeling in support of process and equipment design and process control, and furnace refractories and cooling techniques leading to longer furnace campaign life. Some of the fundamental papers demonstrate that process chemistry is still an area of active research in universities.