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Substantial fundamental work has been undertaken in the different aspects of impact biomechanics over the past three decades. Much of this has been motivated and undertaken by the automotive industry in their efforts to improve transport safety. More recently, however, it has become apparent that the multidisciplinary synergies which are realised by interactions between engineers, scientists and clinical practitioners will ultimately lead to a greater understanding of the complex interacting phenomena within the human body after it has sustained an impact. In turn, this greater depth of knowledge will provide more fundamental insights into the analysis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of impact injuries across a broader spectrum of accident environments. This book contains the edited papers of the IUTAM Symposium on the Biomechanics of Impact, which was held in University College Dublin, Ireland in July 2005. These papers can be grouped into those that are concerned with the different causes of accidents (e.g., transport, occupational and sports injuries), the mechanics involved in accident analysis (e.g., accident investigation, computational modelling techniques), the different types of resulting traumatic injuries (including musculoskeletal, organ, spinal and head injuries), methods of assessing the extent of injury (e.g., injury assessment, injury criteria, constitutive laws for human tissue), and providing protection during an impact (e.g., injury prevention, energy absorption materials, and safety devices). Researchers active in the area of biomechanics will find the book very useful in addressing recent developments in these areas.
This ground-breaking book provides substantial new analysis and summary data about pregnant occupant biomechanics, and will serve as a critical asset to anyone in the field of automobile safety. The overall goal of this book is to provide the reader with a complete resource for issues relating to the pregnant occupant. This multi-authored book is thoroughly vetted and includes chapter contributions from highly qualified practitioners in the field. A total of 19 technical papers are featured and are broken into six chapters. Each chapter begins with a brief summary and analysis of the research for that topic, and is followed by a selection of references. The remainder of the chapter includes a selection of the very best full-length technical papers on the topic, which are intended to provide depth and compliment the new material.
Despite the increased public awareness of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the complexities of the neuropsychiatric, neuropsychological, neurological, and other physical consequences of TBI of all severities across the lifespan remain incompletely understood by patients, their families, healthcare providers, and the media. Keeping pace with advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and science of TBI, the Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury, Third Edition, comprehensively fills this gap in knowledge. Nearly all 50 chapters feature new authors, all of them experts in their field. Chapters new to this edition include biomechanical forces, biomarkers, neurodegenerative dementias, suicide, endocrine disorders, chronic disease management, and social cognition. An entirely new section is devoted to the evaluation and treatment of mild TBI, including injuries in athletes, military service members and veterans, and children and adolescents. These chapters join newly updated sections on the assessment and treatment of the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and other physical sequelae of TBI. The Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury is a must-read for all of those working in any of the multitude of disciplines that contribute to the care and rehabilitation of persons with brain injury. This new volume is also a potentially useful reference for policymakers in both the public and private sectors.
The first comprehensive history of auto regulation in the United States. Regulation has shaped the evolution of the automobile from the beginning. In Moving Violations, Lee Vinsel shows that, contrary to popular opinion, these restrictions have not hindered technological change. Rather, by drawing together communities of scientific and technical experts, auto regulations have actually fostered innovation. Vinsel tracks the history of American auto regulation from the era of horseless carriages and the first, faltering efforts to establish speed limits in cities to recent experiments with self-driving cars. He examines how the government has tried to address car-related problems, from accidents to air pollution, and demonstrates that automotive safety, emissions, and fuel economy have all improved massively over time. Touching on fuel economy standards, the rise of traffic laws, the birth of drivers' education classes, and the science of distraction, he also describes how the government's changing activities have reshaped the automobile and its drivers, as well as the country's entire system of roadways and supporting technologies, including traffic lights and gas pumps. Moving Violations examines how policymakers, elected officials, consumer advocates, environmentalists, and other interested parties wrestled to control the negative aspects of American car culture while attempting to preserve what they saw as its positive contributions to society. Written in a clear, approachable, and jargon-free voice, Moving Violations will appeal to makers and analysts of policy, historians of science, technology, business, and the environment, and any readers interested in the history of cars and government.