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Substantial fundamental work has been undertaken in the different aspects of impact biomechanics over the past three decades. Much of this has been motivated and undertaken by the automotive industry in their efforts to improve transport safety. More recently, however, it has become apparent that the multidisciplinary synergies which are realised by interactions between engineers, scientists and clinical practitioners will ultimately lead to a greater understanding of the complex interacting phenomena within the human body after it has sustained an impact. In turn, this greater depth of knowledge will provide more fundamental insights into the analysis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of impact injuries across a broader spectrum of accident environments. This book contains the edited papers of the IUTAM Symposium on the Biomechanics of Impact, which was held in University College Dublin, Ireland in July 2005. These papers can be grouped into those that are concerned with the different causes of accidents (e.g., transport, occupational and sports injuries), the mechanics involved in accident analysis (e.g., accident investigation, computational modelling techniques), the different types of resulting traumatic injuries (including musculoskeletal, organ, spinal and head injuries), methods of assessing the extent of injury (e.g., injury assessment, injury criteria, constitutive laws for human tissue), and providing protection during an impact (e.g., injury prevention, energy absorption materials, and safety devices). Researchers active in the area of biomechanics will find the book very useful in addressing recent developments in these areas.
For more than 50 years, crash studies involving human subjects have improved understanding of occupant and vehicle kinematics, helped explain injury mechanisms in lower speed collisions, and led to improved seat and vehicle design. Human Subject Crash Testing: Innovations and Advances includes 42 of the most important historical and current studies which used living human subjects in frontal, side, and rear-end impacts. Covering more than 50 years of research (from 1955 through 2006), the book includes numerous landmark SAE papers, as well as papers from other conference proceedings. Papers were chosen based on criteria that included quality and rigor of methods, uniqueness, number of subjects, and long-term reference value. This book also features a comprehensive bibliography, which contains brief summaries of other relevant human subject crash test studies that are not included in the book.