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This Instruction implements policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures under DoD Directive 5400.13 for the conduct of public affairs programs in support of Joint, combined, and unilateral military operations.
The US military has an obligation to communicate with the American public, and it is in the national interest to communicate with the international public. Through the responsive release of accurate information and imagery to domestic and international audiences, public affairs (PA) puts operational actions in context, facilitates the development of informed perceptions about military operations, helps undermine adversarial propaganda efforts, and contributes to the achievement of national, strategic, and operational objectives. Information relating to the military and its operations is available to the public from the Department of Defense (DOD) as well as national unofficial sources (e.g., information disseminated by the members, distributed by the public, the media, or by groups hostile to US interests). Regardless of the source, intention or method of distribution, information in the public domain either contributes to or undermines the achievement of operational objectives. Official information can help create, strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the advancement of national interests and policies and mitigate any adverse effects from unofficial, misinformed, or hostile sources.
This Directive replaces DoD Directive 5105.35, dated May 7, 1965, to update public affairs responsibilities for Unified Combatant Commanders. It establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for the conduct of public affairs programs in support of joint, combined, and unilateral military operations.
This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance for public affairs support to joint operations. It also addresses public affairs operations and the role of public affairs in strategic communication. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for joint operations, education, and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the Joint Staff, commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these commands, and the Services. The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command's doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine.
This study is a qualitative examination of media access to military operations in light of the new Department of Defense Instruction 5400.14.4, 'Procedures for Joint Public Affairs Operations' Based on a review of literature on media access to military operations, an examination of current policies and procedures, as well as a comparative analysis of views presented by media and military representatives, the researcher assesses the efficacy of the new DoD instruction. The researcher concludes that while the new Instruction is a vast improvement on previous policies that prohibited or severely restricted media access to military operations, there are areas it neglects to address in an adequate manner. These oversights may lead to a recurrence of tensions between the media and the military that existed prior to the implementation of the new Instruction. Media and military members should be apprised of the key concepts of the new DoD Instruction to ensure negation of tensions in the media-military relationship. Members of those institutions should engage in a continuing, proactive dialogue to address future concerns and enhance understanding of each other's requirements and limitations. The military and media should agree on mutually acceptable numerical limitations to future military operations. The DoD should consider using a centralized funding source for equipping joint information bureaus.
This publication provides principles and doctrine for US military support to the media in conjunction with military operations. It also provides guidance for command information support when communicating with internal audiences. This publication will aid combatant commands in both planning and training for joint operations. It will serve to focus the training of commanders, their staffs, and public affairs personnel and provide guidance for organizing, training, and equipping public affairs forces.
Army public affairs doctrine is consistent and compatible with joint public affairs doctrine and policy, and Department of Defense (DOD) and Department of the Army (DA) public affairs policies. It describes the fundamental principles and concepts that provide information to internal and external national and international key actors and publics-Soldiers, family members, retirees, political leaders, allies, and adversaries. This publication, Field Manual FM 3-61 Public Affairs Operations April 2014, includes public affairs principles, functions, core public affairs tasks, tenets and characteristics for commanders, planners, and other users of Army public affairs. Public affairs professionals use this manual to plan and conduct public affairs training. This publication is based on current force structure and materiel capabilities. It is authoritative but not prescriptive. Public affairs professionals must use their professional knowledge, skills, and judgment when recommending command adaptations to the principles in this publication to meet specific situations. FM 3-61 contains four chapters: Chapter 1 addresses the defined role of Army public affairs activities and how public affairs supports unified land operations and the relationship of public affairs to the mission command warfighting function. It outlines the relationship of public affairs in information synchronization and how public affairs supports operations. It addresses public affairs support to defense support of civil authorities and the role of public affairs in joint operations. Chapter 2 addresses the public affairs architecture and the mission of Army public affairs as a command responsibility and the mandate from the United States (U.S.) Code requiring the Secretary of the Army to designate a career field to communicate to the American public what the Army does. It discusses the commander's responsibility to designate only military personnel or Army civilian employees as official spokespersons and to train all personnel to tell the Army story to help promote public understanding of Army operations and activities. It outlines the three broad, interrelated public affairs functions: public (external) information, command (internal) information, and community engagement. It addresses the Army public affairs core tasks, tenets, and public affairs functions, core tasks, tenets, and public affairs characteristics. Chapter 3 addresses the Army public affairs force and how it is organized to support commanders at all levels of command and in all phases of operations. The chapter outlines the career programs for commissioned officers, noncommissioned officers, enlisted Soldiers, and Army civilians. It addresses the functions and capabilities of all Army public affairs units, organizations and command sections at installations, in garrison and when deployed. Chapter 4 addresses public affairs relationships with the international, U.S., and local publics with which public affairs must interact to support the commander's communication objectives. It addresses the relationship of the commander to public affairs and the public affairs relationship with the command staff and other functional areas. It addresses Army public affairs and its interaction with other government agencies, such as the Department of State, U.S. Information Agency, U.S. ambassadors, and nongovernmental organizations.
1. PURPOSE. This Manual establishes policies and standards for the administration of the Coast Guard External Affairs Program for both Coast Guard Headquarters and the field. 2. ACTION. All Coast Guard commanders, commanding officers, officers-in-charge, deputy/assistant commandants, and chiefs of headquarters staff elements shall comply with the provisions of this Manual. Internet release is authorized. 3. DIRECTIVES AFFECTED. The Coast Guard Public Affairs Manual, COMDTINST M5728.2 (series), Coast Guard Partnership with First Book, COMDTINST 5350.5 (series), Retired Flag Officer Biographical Material/Requirements, COMDTINST 5700.3 (series), and The Coast Guard Engagement Framework, COMDTINST 5730.2 (series) are canceled. All Commandant directives referencing the Public Affairs Manual and The Coast Guard Engagement Framework are now directed to this Manual and Reference (a).