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This report evaluates the nature of human problem solving abilities specifically related to fault diagnosis situations. Three types of fault diagnosis were analysed involving diagnosis utilizing both real equipment and computer simulated equipment failures. In addition, the investigators experimented with computer generated problem solving aids to supplement human decision making capacities in diagnostic tasks. Results of the initial investigation indicate that human problem solving tends to be highly context-specific but that pattern recognition capabilities are exceptional allowing for a high degree of accuracy in ambiguous problem solving situations. Both structured-oriented and strategy-oriented problem solving aids were analysed. Structured-oriented bookkeeping aids clearly improved performance, while strategy-oriented aids actually had a negative effect on transfer of training. This research effort is clearly relevant to military interests in effective training of optimal decision making in sub-optimal conditions. The results strongly support further research into the nature and training of effective solving. Keywords: Troubleshooting; Fuzzy set model; Complexity model; Rule-based model; Training.
These Proceedings provide a general overview as well as detailed information on the developing field of reliability and safety of technical processes in automatically controlled processes. The plenary papers present the state-of-the-art and an overview in the areas of aircraft and nuclear power stations, because these safety-critical system domains possess the most highly developed fault management and supervision schemes. Additional plenary papers covered the recent developments in analytical redundancy. In total there are 95 papers presented in these Proceedings.
This book addresses fault detection and isolation topics from a computational perspective. Unlike most existing literature, it bridges the gap between the existing well-developed theoretical results and the realm of reliable computational synthesis procedures. The model-based approach to fault detection and diagnosis has been the subject of ongoing research for the past few decades. While the theoretical aspects of fault diagnosis on the basis of linear models are well understood, most of the computational methods proposed for the synthesis of fault detection and isolation filters are not satisfactory from a numerical standpoint. Several features make this book unique in the fault detection literature: Solution of standard synthesis problems in the most general setting, for both continuous- and discrete-time systems, regardless of whether they are proper or not; consequently, the proposed synthesis procedures can solve a specific problem whenever a solution exists Emphasis on the best numerical algorithms to solve the synthesis problems for linear systems in generalized state-space form (also known as descriptor systems) Development of general synthesis procedures relying on new computational paradigms, such as factorization-based design based on filter updating techniques and nullspace-based synthesis Availability of a comprehensive set of free accompanying software tools for descriptor systems, which allows readers to easily implement all synthesis procedures presented in the book and ensures that all results are reproducible This book is primarily intended for researchers and advanced graduate students in the areas of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control. It will also appeal to mathematicians with an interest in control-oriented numerics.
Control strategies in most complex problem-solving systems, though highly parameterized, are not adaptive to the characteristics of the particular task being solved. If the characteristics of the task are a typical, a fixed control strategy may cause incorrect or inefficient processing. This document presents an approach for adapting the control strategy by introducing a meta-level control component into the problem-solving architecture. This meta-level control component is based on the paradigm of Fault Detection/Diagnosis. The authors presentation will concentrate on modeling the problem-solving system and on the inference techniques necessary to use this model for diagnosis. They feel that meta-level control based on the Fault Detection/Diagnosis paradigm represents a new approach to introducing more sophisticated control into a problem-solving system. (Author).
This book provides a comprehensive set of characterization, prediction, optimization, evaluation, and evolution techniques for a diagnosis system for fault isolation in large electronic systems. Readers with a background in electronics design or system engineering can use this book as a reference to derive insightful knowledge from data analysis and use this knowledge as guidance for designing reasoning-based diagnosis systems. Moreover, readers with a background in statistics or data analytics can use this book as a practical case study for adapting data mining and machine learning techniques to electronic system design and diagnosis. This book identifies the key challenges in reasoning-based, board-level diagnosis system design and presents the solutions and corresponding results that have emerged from leading-edge research in this domain. It covers topics ranging from highly accurate fault isolation, adaptive fault isolation, diagnosis-system robustness assessment, to system performance analysis and evaluation, knowledge discovery and knowledge transfer. With its emphasis on the above topics, the book provides an in-depth and broad view of reasoning-based fault diagnosis system design. • Explains and applies optimized techniques from the machine-learning domain to solve the fault diagnosis problem in the realm of electronic system design and manufacturing;• Demonstrates techniques based on industrial data and feedback from an actual manufacturing line;• Discusses practical problems, including diagnosis accuracy, diagnosis time cost, evaluation of diagnosis system, handling of missing syndromes in diagnosis, and need for fast diagnosis-system development.
This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date look at problem solving research and practice over the last fifteen years. The first chapter describes differences in types of problems, individual differences among problem-solvers, as well as the domain and context within which a problem is being solved. Part one describes six kinds of problems and the methods required to solve them. Part two goes beyond traditional discussions of case design and introduces six different purposes or functions of cases, the building blocks of problem-solving learning environments. It also describes methods for constructing cases to support problem solving. Part three introduces a number of cognitive skills required for studying cases and solving problems. Finally, Part four describes several methods for assessing problem solving. Key features includes: Teaching Focus – The book is not merely a review of research. It also provides specific research-based advice on how to design problem-solving learning environments. Illustrative Cases – A rich array of cases illustrates how to build problem-solving learning environments. Part two introduces six different functions of cases and also describes the parameters of a case. Chapter Integration – Key theories and concepts are addressed across chapters and links to other chapters are made explicit. The idea is to show how different kinds of problems, cases, skills, and assessments are integrated. Author expertise – A prolific researcher and writer, the author has been researching and publishing books and articles on learning to solve problems for the past fifteen years. This book is appropriate for advanced courses in instructional design and technology, science education, applied cognitive psychology, thinking and reasoning, and educational psychology. Instructional designers, especially those involved in designing problem-based learning, as well as curriculum designers who seek new ways of structuring curriculum will find it an invaluable reference tool.
This book includes all of the papers presented at the NATO Symposium on Human Detection and Diagnosis of System Failures held at Roskilde, Denmark on August 4-8, 1980. The Symposium was sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and the Rise National Laboratory of Denmark. The goal of the Symposium was to continue the tradition initiated by the NATO Symposium on Monitoring Behavior and Supervisory Control held in Berchtesgaden, F .R. Germany in 1976 and the NATO Symposium on Theory and Measurement of Mental Workload held in Mati, Greece in 1977. To this end, a group of 85 psychologists and engineers coming from industry, government, and academia convened to discuss, and to generate a "state-of-the-art" consensus of the problems and solutions associated with the human IS ability to cope with the increasing scale of consequences of failures within complex technical systems. The Introduction of this volume reviews their findings. The Symposium was organized to include brief formal presentations of papers sent to participants about two months in advance of the meeting, and considerable discussion both during plenary sessions and within more specialized workshops. Summaries of the discussions and workshop reports appear in this volume.
The objective of this book is to introduce basic model-based FDI schemes, advanced analysis and design algorithms, and the needed mathematical and control theory tools at a level for graduate students and researchers as well as for engineers. This is a textbook with extensive examples and references. Most methods are given in the form of an algorithm that enables a direct implementation in a programme. Comparisons among different methods are included when possible.
Editor's Introduction.- Dialogue Constraints in Instruction.- Asymmetry & Accommodation in Tutorial Dialogues.- Negotiation in Collaborative Problem-Solving Dialogues.- Using Rhetorical Relations in Building a Coherent Conversational Teaching Session.- Graphics & Natural Language in Design & Instruction.- Simulator-Based Training-Support Tools for Process-Control Operators.- Designing Newton's Laws: Patterns of Social & Representational Feedback in a Learning Task.- Learning by Explaining: Fostering Collaborative Progressive Discourse in Science.- Tools for Collaborative Learning in Optics.- Deciding What to Say: An Agent-Theoretic Approach to Tutorial Dialogue.- Feedback in Computer-Assisted Instruction: Complexity & Corrective Efficiency.- Relying on a Sophisticated Student Model to Derive Dialogue Strategies in an Intelligent Tutoring System.- Dialogue Control Functions & Interaction Design.- The Role of Feedback in a Layered Model of Communication.- Communicative Action & Feedback.- >Reasons for Management in Spoken Dialogue.- Context Change & Communicative Feedback.- The Design of Interacting Agents.- Method for Dialogue Protocol Analysis.- Natural Dialogue in Modes other than Natural Language.- Coherence & Portrayal in Human-Computer Interface Design.- Feedback Issues in Consumer Appliances.- Advertisements, Proxies, & Wear: Three Methods for Feedback in Interactive Systems.- Author Index.