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This expert guide, written by a major figure at the NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, presents an authoritative and comprehensive survey of the present-day state-of-the-art in the field of extrasolar and interstellar space exploration, focusing on the most promising techniques. It looks at potential missions and explores the many exciting ideas being developed to probe the planets and nearby stars for signs of life. Because of the tremendous current interest in the search for extrasolar life and extraterrestrial intelligence, this is a timely and illuminating survey.
Nanocharacterization by Atom Probe Tomography is a practical guide for researchers interested atomic level characterization of materials with atom probe tomography. Readers will find descriptions of the atom probe instrument and atom probe tomography technique, field ionization, field evaporation and field ion microscopy. The fundamental underlying physics principles are examined, in addition to data reconstruction and visualization, statistical data analysis methods and specimen preparation by electropolishing and FIB-based techniques. A full description of the local electrode atom probe – a new state-of-the-art instrument – is also provided, along with detailed descriptions and limitations of laser pulsing as a method to field evaporate atoms. Valuable coverage of the new ionization theory is also included, which underpins the overall technique.
PCR in situ hybridization allows the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences and their distribution in the cell. It combines two powerful techniquesin situ hybridization (ISH), which allows cellular localization of DNA and RNA sequences in cells and tissues, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which allows reproducible amplification of rare nucleic acid sequences. The combined technique and its variants greatly enhance the sensitivity of in situ hybridization and add morphological localization to the sensitivity of PCR. Such techniques have enormous potential for research and diagnosis but problems with reproducibility and reliability are often encountered. This book overcomes these problems by describing the key procedures in step-by-step detail and by providing the essential advice needed for success. Topics include: DNA in situ PCR and DNA PCR in situ hybridization (PCR ISH) for the detection of DNA targets in cells; reverse trancriptase in situ PCR (RT-PCR) and RT-PCR ISH for the detection of RNA targets; and PRINS (primed in situ synthesis) for chromosomal analysis in interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosome spreads. There are further chapters on fixation of tissues for PCR, selective ultraviolet radiation fractionation (SURF), application of in situ PCR to human tissues, applications and modifications of PCR-ISH, and automation of in situ amplification. PCR In Situ Hybridization is a unique and timely collection of well-tested protocols for the amplification of DNA and RNA in cells and tissues, drawing on the accumulated knowledge and experience of leading exponents of these techniques. For each topic covered, the authors provide detailed guidance on the key steps in the protocols, numerous hints and tips for success, and advice on trouble-shooting. PCR In Situ Hybridization will be invaluable to molecular biologists, pathologists, geneticists, and all those seeking to perform in situ analyses of nucleic acid molecules.
Agreement is a pervasive phenomenon across natural languages. Depending on one’s definition of what constitutes agreement, it is either found in virtually every natural language that we know of, or it is at least found in a great many. Either way, it seems to be a core part of the system that underpins our syntactic knowledge. Since the introduction of the operation of Agree in Chomsky (2000), agreement phenomena and the mechanism that underlies agreement have garnered a lot of attention in the Minimalist literature and have received different theoretical treatments at different stages. Since then, many different phenomena involving dependencies between elements in syntax, including movement or not, have been accounted for using Agree. The mechanism of Agree thus provides a powerful tool to model dependencies between syntactic elements far beyond φ-feature agreement. The articles collected in this volume further explore these topics and contribute to the ongoing debates surrounding agreement. The authors gathered in this book are internationally reknown experts in the field of Agreement.
Resource added for the Automotive Technology program 106023.
Sensor technologies are a rapidly growing area of interest in science and product design, embracing developments in electronics, photonics, mechanics, chemistry, and biology. Their presence is widespread in everyday life, where they are used to sense sound, movement, and optical or magnetic signals. The demand for portable and lightweight sensors is relentless in several industries, from consumer electronics to biomedical engineering to the military. Smart Sensors for Industrial Applications brings together the latest research in smart sensors technology and exposes the reader to myriad applications that this technology has enabled. Organized into five parts, the book explores: Photonics and optoelectronics sensors, including developments in optical fibers, Brillouin detection, and Doppler effect analysis. Chapters also look at key applications such as oxygen detection, directional discrimination, and optical sensing. Infrared and thermal sensors, such as Bragg gratings, thin films, and microbolometers. Contributors also cover temperature measurements in industrial conditions, including sensing inside explosions. Magnetic and inductive sensors, including magnetometers, inductive coupling, and ferro-fluidics. The book also discusses magnetic field and inductive current measurements in various industrial conditions, such as on airplanes. Sound and ultrasound sensors, including underwater acoustic modem, vibrational spectroscopy, and photoacoustics. Piezoresistive, wireless, and electrical sensors, with applications in health monitoring, agrofood, and other industries. Featuring contributions by experts from around the world, this book offers a comprehensive review of the groundbreaking technologies and the latest applications and trends in the field of smart sensors.