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The Life cycle cost (LCC) method makes it possible for the whole life performance of buildings and other structures to be optimized. The introduction of the idea of thinking in terms of a building life cycle resulted in the need to use appropriate tools and techniques for assessing and analyzing costs throughout the life cycle of the building. Traditionally, estimates of LCC have been calculated based on historical analysis of data and have used deterministic models. The concepts of probability theory can also be applied to life cycle costing, treating the costs and timings as a stochastic process. If any subjectivity is introduced into the estimates, then the uncertainty cannot be handled using the probability theory alone. The theory of fuzzy sets is a valuable tool for handling such uncertainties. In this Special Issue, a collection of 11 contributions provide an updated overview of the approaches for estimating the life cycle cost of buildings.
Transportation agencies seek to optimize their public budget to finance the construction and maintenance of pavements. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is a decision support tool that allows agencies to contrast and optimize infrastructure design alternatives based on the costs of the asset over its lifetime. In this thesis, statistical distributions were developed to study the variability associated with LCCA inputs based on agency historical data of the Province of Manitoba and the City of Winnipeg. A case study was used to compare the deterministic and the probabilistic computational approaches results. The results demonstrated that a probabilistic LCCA provides reliability levels for the evaluation of the total project cost, which allows for analyzing the risk associated with each alternative and avoiding cost overruns. It is recommended that transportation agencies consider probabilistic LCCA as part of their decision-making process due to the economic benefits and reliability levels that this approach provides.
Featuring sixteen technical papers and two keynote addresses presented at the August 2000 conference in Honolulu, this book covers a range of studies on life-cycle cost analysis, design, maintenance, and management of civil infrastructure systems. Topics include conceptual design of structural syste
This Interim Technical Bulletin recommends procedures for conducting Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) of pavements, provides detailed procedures to determine work zone user costs, and introduces a probabilistic approach to account for the uncertainty associated with LCCA inputs.
Accompanying CD-ROM contains software, Guidance manual, User manual, and appendixes to report.
Although technology and productivity has changed much of engineering, many topics are still taught in very similarly to how they were taught in the 70s. Using a new approach to engineering economics, Systems Life Cycle Costing: Economic Analysis, Estimation, and Management presents the material that a modern engineer must understand to work as a practicing engineer conducting economic analysis. Organized around a product development process that provides a framework for the material, the book presents techniques such as engineering economics and simulation-based costing (SBC), with a focus on total life cycle understanding and perspective and introduces techniques for detailed analysis of modern complex systems. The author includes rules of thumb for estimation grouped with the methods, processes, and tools (MPTs) for conducting a detailed engineering buildup for costing. He presents the estimating costing of complex systems and software and then explores concepts such as design to cost (DTC), cost as an independent variable (CAIV), the role of commercial off-the-shelf technology, cost of quality, and the role of project management in LCC management. No product or services are immune from cost, performance, schedule, quality, risks, and tradeoffs. Yet engineers spend most of their formal education focused on performance and most of their professional careers worrying about resources and schedule. Too often, the design stage becomes about the technical performance without considering the downstream costs that contribute to the tota1 life cycle costs (LCC) of a system. This text presents the methods, processes, and tools needed for the economic analysis, estimation, and management that bring these costs in line with the goals of pleasing the customer and staying within budget.