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This important volume looks back to 1890 and -- 100 years later -- asks some of the same questions William James was asking in his Principles of Psychology. In so doing, it reviews our progress toward their solutions. Among the contemporary concerns of 1990 that the editors consider are: the nature of the self and the will, conscious experience, associationism, the basic acts of cognition, and the nature of perception. Their findings: Although the developments in each of these areas during the last 100 years have been monumental, James' views as presented in the Principles still remain viable and provocative. To provide a context for understanding James, some chapters are devoted primarily to recent scholarship about James himself -- focusing on the time the Principles was written, relevant intellectual influences, and considerations of his understanding of this "new" science of psychology. The balance of this volume is devoted to specific topics of particular interest to James. One critical theme woven into almost every chapter is the tension between the role of experience (or phenomenological data) within a scientific psychology, and the viability of a materialistic (or biologically reductive) account of mental life. Written for professionals, practitioners, and students of psychology -- in all disciplines.
This is a title in the modular "Principles in Psychology Series", designed for A-level and other introductory courses, aiming to provide students embarking on psychology courses with the necessary background and context. One aspect of this is to consider contemporary psychology in the light of its historical development. Another aspect is to examine some of the major controversies which have dominated psychology over the centuries. Yet another aspect is to consider some of the major areas of psychology eg social, developmental, cognitive in terms of what they have to offer in the quest for an understanding of human behaviour.; The book also addresses key issues which need to be considered as psychology matures into a fully fledged experimental and scientific discipline. For example, how much do laboratory experiments tell us about how people behave in the real world? And how far is it ethically permissable for psychologists to go in their pursuit of knowledge?
This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section.
This definitive work--now extensively revised with virtually all new chapters--has introduced generations of researchers to the psychological processes that underlie social behavior. What sets the book apart is its unique focus on the basic principles that guide theory building and research. Since work in the field increasingly transcends such boundaries as biological versus cultural or cognitive versus motivational systems, the third edition has a new organizational framework. Leading scholars identify and explain the principles that govern intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup processes, in chapters that range over multiple levels of analysis. The book's concluding section illustrates how social psychology principles come into play in specific contexts, including politics, organizational life, the legal arena, sports, and negotiation. New to This Edition *Most of the book is entirely new. *Stronger emphasis on the contextual factors that influence how and why the basic principles work as they do. *Incorporates up-to-date findings and promising research programs. *Integrates key advances in such areas as evolutionary theory and neuroscience.
Keller and Shoenfeld’s Principles of Psychology, published in 1950, was written as an introductory text to be used in the two-semester Psychology 1-2 course at Columbia University. It is a systematic approach in that a small number of functional relations described in B. F. Skinner’s The Behavior of Organisms are introduced and then used throughout to interpret the topics presented in a typical introductory psychology course. K & S was widely influential in familiarizing psychologists and others with the nature and general relevance of Skinner’s approach. It is an outstanding example of clear and interesting technical writing, and its style and topic arrangement have been the basis for a number of subsequent texts. Although old by textbook standards, it is still one of the easiest ways to acquire an accurate repertoire in the science of behavior.
The book includes a new theoretical synthesis of William Stern’s classic personology published in the 1930s with contemporary cultural psychology of semiotic mediation developed by the author over the last two decades. It looks at the human mind as it operates in its full complexity, starting from the most complex general levels of aesthetic and political participation in society and ending with individual willful actions in everyday life contexts.
This is a new, somewhat "radical" introductory textbook for General Psychology and Neuroscience, based on a small set of core principles that cut across the full spectrum from neuroscience to social psychology. In short, this is an ambitious attempt to present a unified, principled perspective on the field, akin to what is standard in other fields.The advantage to the student is that it is consistent, coherent, and concise (200 pages), in contrast to standard textbooks which run over 800 pages and are filled with topical stories and historical accounts, that, while fascinating, ultimately distract from the understanding of the core concepts in the field.The core principles are the Three C's: Compression: The brain actively compresses the large amount of information flowing in through the senses, to extract the most relevant, salient information. This principle is essential for understanding the basic function of the neuron, the core principles of sensation and perception, attention, and stereotyping, among others.Contrast: The brain encodes all information in a relative way, by constantly contrasting information over space and time. Again, this function is anchored in the basic function of the neuron, and explains many phenomena in sensation and perception (color contrast effects, etc), and the core mechanisms in reinforcement learning where the rewards we experience are always contrasted with our expectations, and in the fact that we don't care what our absolute salary is --- we only care about how much we make relative to our peer group.Control: Above all, the brain seeks control. Loss of perceived control is an essential element in most mental disorders, and many aspects of social psychology are driven by the dynamics of control. The trajectory of development can be understood in terms of a progression in ability to control the environment and oneself. Large portions of the brain are devoted to control, and understanding how basic motor control works can help understand higher levels of self-control. A key element of control is the ability to predict what will happen next --- prediction and control are two sides of the same coin.With just these three principles, we can understand a huge swath of psychology and neuroscience, and do so in a much more connected, coherent manner than the jumble of facts and stories typically presented in standard textbooks