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The welcome accorded to the first two editions of this book has been most encouraging. The object of the third edition continues to be to give a brief but "fairly comprehensive survey of the methods of applied geophysics including some of the modern interpretation techniques. The general approach and plan of the previous editions are preserved, but in bringing the book up to date some changes have been made to which I would like to draw the reader's special attention. SI units are strictly adhered to except in six illustrative figures reproduced from older literature and left intact to save some extensive redraughting. Following the recommendation of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, the magnetic field measured in geophysical work is labelled here as flux density (tesla). Consequently, the symbols H, Z and T commonly used in geomagnetic work should stand for flux density. In the Max wellian theory of electromagnetism the symbol H stands, by convention, for a magnetizing force (A m -1) and a discerning reader will at once sense a source of confusion. This source of confusion is avoided in the present edition by B , B and B instead of H, Z and T. The employing the symbols b z t latter ~et is employed for the corresponding magnetizing forces of the earth's field. I hope this notation will gain general acceptance because it so easily dispenses with an ambiguity that otherwise tends to lead to unnecessary confusion of units and dimensions in geomagnetism.
Anyone who compares the present thoroughly revised and enlarged edition of this book with the three previous ones, the first of which was published in 1962, may well ask whether the principles of applied geophysics have become more numerous during the last 25 years or so. Such is not the case and the much larger size of the present edition is due to the principles' having been explained in greater detail than heretofore. There are major and minor alterations, additions and emendations, too numerous to be listed here, throughout the book but I would like to draw attention specifically to some of them. The chapter on seismic methods is now far more extensive than before and so are also the chapters on electric and electromagnetic methods. There is also a separate chapter on well logging in oil fields giving the essential ideas. Considering the virtual plethora of available books on seismic methods and on well logging I have not thought it necessary to extend these chapters further. This has enabled me to keep the book to a reasonable length and at the same time retain its fairly comprehensive character. Other features of the present edition are solved examples in the text and the problems at the end of all principal chapters. Answers and hints to the latter are given at the end of the book.
As a slag heap, the result of strip mining, creeps closer to his house in the Ohio hills, fifteen-year-old M. C. is torn between trying to get his family away and fighting for the home they love.
This book introduces the principles of gravitational, magnetic, electrostatic, direct current electrical and electromagnetic fields, with detailed solutions of Laplace and electromagnetic wave equations by the method of separation of variables. Discussion includes behaviours of the scalar and vector potential and the nature of the solutions of these boundary value problems, along with the use of complex variables and conformal transformation, Green's theorem, Green's formula and Green's functions.
Principles of Geophysics is an essential, comprehensive resource for researchers and students, emphasizing both the physical basis and practical uses of geophysical methods. In addition, it covers the fundamentals of exploration and the global aspects of geophysics. The authors cover geophysics across a broad spectrum--from basic concepts to advanced mathematical formulae--thereby helping readers from diverse backgrounds to understand the structures, processes and applications of geophysics. Worked examples and a detailed index of equations, symbols and mathematical concepts aid in comprehension and make the book an excellent reference. Chapters are organized into topical self-contained units to suit a diverse readership. The chapters proceed from background theory to rigorous analysis, gradually escalating in mathematical complexity. This format enables the reader to develop either a qualitative understanding of only the material and/or to follow the calculations. The text contains over 200 illustrations.
This combination of textbook and reference manual provides a comprehensive account of gravity and magnetic methods for exploring the subsurface using surface, marine, airborne and satellite measurements. It describes key current topics and techniques, physical properties of rocks and other Earth materials, and digital data analysis methods used to process and interpret anomalies for subsurface information. Each chapter starts with an overview and concludes by listing key concepts to consolidate new learning. An accompanying website presents problem sets and interactive computer-based exercises, providing hands-on experience of processing, modeling and interpreting data. A comprehensive online suite of full-color case histories illustrates the practical utility of modern gravity and magnetic surveys. This is an ideal text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses and reference text for research academics and professional geophysicists. It is a valuable resource for all those interested in petroleum, engineering, mineral, environmental, geological and archeological exploration of the lithosphere.
An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, 2nd Edition, describes the rapidly developing field of near-surface geophysics. The book covers a range of applications including mineral, hydrocarbon and groundwater exploration, and emphasises the use of geophysics in civil engineering and in environmental investigations. Following on from the international popularity of the first edition, this new, revised, and much expanded edition contains additional case histories, and descriptions of geophysical techniques not previously included in such textbooks. The level of mathematics and physics is deliberately kept to a minimum but is described qualitatively within the text. Relevant mathematical expressions are separated into boxes to supplement the text. The book is profusely illustrated with many figures, photographs and line drawings, many never previously published. Key source literature is provided in an extensive reference section; a list of web addresses for key organisations is also given in an appendix as a valuable additional resource. Covers new techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Sounding, Controlled- Source EM, shear-wave seismic refraction, and airborne gravity and EM techniques Now includes radioactivity surveying and more discussions of down-hole geophysical methods; hydrographic and Sub-Bottom Profiling surveying; and UneXploded Ordnance detection Expanded to include more forensic, archaeological, glaciological, agricultural and bio-geophysical applications Includes more information on physio-chemical properties of geological, engineering and environmental materials Takes a fully global approach Companion website with additional resources available at www.wiley.com/go/reynolds/introduction2e Accessible core textbook for undergraduates as well as an ideal reference for industry professionals The second edition is ideal for students wanting a broad introduction to the subject and is also designed for practising civil and geotechnical engineers, geologists, archaeologists and environmental scientists who need an overview of modern geophysical methods relevant to their discipline. While the first edition was the first textbook to provide such a comprehensive coverage of environmental geophysics, the second edition is even more far ranging in terms of techniques, applications and case histories.
This is the completely revised and updated version of the popular and highly regarded textbook, Applied Geophysics. It describes the physical methods involved in exploration for hydrocarbons and minerals, which include gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, radioactivity, and well-logging methods. All aspects of these methods are described, including basic theory, field equipment, techniques of data acquisition, data processing and interpretation, with the objective of locating commercial deposits of minerals, oil, and gas and determining their extent. In the fourteen years or so since the first edition of Applied Geophysics, many changes have taken place in this field, mainly as the result of new techniques, better instrumentation, and increased use of computers in the field and in the interpretation of data. The authors describe these changes in considerable detail, including improved methods of solving the inverse problem, specialized seismic methods, magnetotellurics as a practical exploration method, time-domain electromagnetic methods, increased use of gamma-ray spectrometers, and improved well-logging methods and interpretation.
This second edition of Fundamentals of Geophysics has been completely revised and updated, and is the ideal geophysics textbook for undergraduate students of geoscience with an introductory level of knowledge in physics and mathematics. It gives a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental principles of each major branch of geophysics, and presents geophysics within the wider context of plate tectonics, geodynamics and planetary science. Basic principles are explained with the aid of numerous figures and step-by-step mathematical treatments, and important geophysical results are illustrated with examples from the scientific literature. Text-boxes are used for auxiliary explanations and to handle topics of interest for more advanced students. This new edition also includes review questions at the end of each chapter to help assess the reader's understanding of the topics covered and quantitative exercises for more thorough evaluation. Solutions to the exercises and electronic copies of the figures are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521859028.
This state-of-the-art survey serves as a complete overview of the subject. Besides the principles and theoretical foundations, emphasis is laid on practical applicability -- describing not only classical methods, but also modern developments and their applications. Students, researchers and practitioners, especially in the fields of data registration, treatment and evaluation, will find this a wealth of information.