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Contents Introduction .......................................... . 1 The Primate Eye ...................................... . 2 Embryology of Retina and Choroid ....................... . 4 Microscopic Anatomy .................................. . 4 Retina ............................................ . 4 Choroid ........................................... . 8 Material and Methods .................................. . 10 Fine Structure of the Retina 14 RetinaI Pigment Epithelium ............................. . 16 Photoreceptor Cells ................................... . 30 Outer Plexiform Layer and Horizontal Cells .................. . 64 Bipolar, Radial Clial, and Amacrine Cells .................... . 76 Canglion Cells and InternaI Limiting Membrane ............... . 98 Spatial Density of RetinaI Cells .......................... . 112 Fine Structure of the Choroid ........................... . 116 Choroidocapillaris and Its Fiber System ..................... . 118 Arteries, Veins, and Lymphatic Spaces ...................... . 134 Choroidal Nerves .................................... . 142 Cells of Choroidal Connective Tissue ....................... . 148 References ........................................... . 153 Index ................................................ . 157 vii This volume describes the morphology of the primate re tina as seen with the electron microscope. As it is an atlas, the electron micrographs are its most In trad lietian important part. The text accompanies the figures, highlighting selected topics either to explain structures or to point out structure-function relation ships. A scholarly review of the whole spectrum of research on the re tina and choroid is not feasible in a single volume. Thus, whenever available, review artides or monographs, rather than original work, are cited for reference.
The Eye: Basic Sciences in Practice provides highly accessible, concise coverage of all the essential basic science required by today's ophthalmologists and optometrists in training. It is also essential reading for those embarking on a career in visual and ophthalmic science, as well as an invaluable, current refresher for the range of practitioners working in this area. This new fourth edition has now been fully revised and updated in line with current curricula, key research developments and clinical best practice. It succinctly incorporates the massive strides being made by genetics and functional genomics based on the Human Genome Project, the new understanding of how the microbiome affects all aspects of immunology, the remarkable progress in imaging technology now applied to anatomy and neurophysiology, as well as exciting new molecular and other diagnostic methodologies now being used in microbiology and pathology. All this and more collectively brings a wealth of new knowledge to students and practitioners in the fields of ophthalmology and visual science. For the first time, this (print) edition also now comes with bonus access to the complete, fully searchable electronic text - including carefully selected additional information and new video content to further explain and expand on key concepts - making The Eye a more flexible, comprehensive and engaging learning package than ever before. The only all-embracing textbook of basic science suitable for trainee ophthalmologists, optometrists and vision scientists - other books concentrate on the individual areas such as anatomy. Attractive page design with clear, colour diagrams and text boxes make this a much more accessible book to learn from than many postgraduate textbooks. Presents in a readable form an account of all the basic sciences necessary for an understanding of the eye - anatomy, embryology, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, immunology, microbiology and infection and pathology. More on molecular pathology. Thorough updating of the sections on pathology, immunology, pharmacology and immunology. Revision of all other chapters. More colour illustrations Comes with complete electronic version
The long-awaited second edition of an authoritative reference on electrophysiologic vision testing, including detailed information on techniques and problems, basic physiology and anatomy, theoretical concepts, and clinical findings; with extensive new material. This authoritative text is the only comprehensive reference available on electrophysiologic vision testing, offering both practical information on techniques and problems as well as basic physiology and anatomy, theoretical concepts, and clinical correlations. The second edition, of the widely used text, offers extensive new material and updated information: 65 of the 84 chapters are completely new, with the changes reflecting recent advances in the field. The book will continue to be an essential resource for practitioners and scholars from a range of disciplines within vision science. The contributions not only cover new information—important material that is likely to become more important in the next decade—but also offer a long-range perspective on the field and its remarkable development in the last century. After discussing the history and background of clinical electrophysiology, the book introduces the anatomy of the retina and principles of cell biology in the visual pathways at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels. It relates these new findings to the techniques and interpretations of clinical tests, including the electro-oculogram (EOG), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual evoked potentials (VEP), which are discussed in detail, as are equipment, data acquisition and analysis, principles and protocols for clinical testing, diseases and dysfunction, and animal testing. Notable additions for this edition include chapters on the origin of electroretinogram waveforms, multifocal techniques, testing in standard laboratory animals, recent advances in analysis of abnormalities in disease, and the applications of these techniques to the study of genetic abnormalities.
Macular Degeneration: Science and Medicine in Practice provides a unique overview of current thinking in the pathogenesis, incidence and treatment of AMD. It includes, for the first time, a synthesis of the views of the world's leading scientists and practitioners regarding retinal biology, basic mechanisms, clinical and pathogenetic processes, and rational approaches to intervention.
Color Vision, first published in 2000, defines the state of knowledge about all aspects of human and primate color vision.
This well-structured and lavishly illustrated book is a comprehensive reference on intraocular inflammation that encompasses all anatomic forms, settings and etiologies. Individual sections are devoted to uveitis associated with systemic disorders, uveitis syndromes restricted to the eye, bacterial uveitis, viral uveitis, fungal uveitis, parasitic uveitis, uveitis caused by other microbes, traumatic uveitis, and masquerade syndromes. Chapters on the different forms of uveitis are in a homogeneous reader-friendly format, with identification of core messages, explanation of etiology and pathogenesis, up-to-date information on diagnostics and differential diagnosis and guidance on the most appropriate forms of treatment and prognosis. Helpful flow charts are included to assist in identification of potential underlying disorders and the reader will also have online access to one hundred informative case reports demonstrating the different courses of intraocular inflammation. The authors are world experts keen to share their vast experience with the reader. Intraocular Inflammation will be a valuable resource for all physicians who deal with patients with inflammatory eye disease.
An indispensable and fully comprehensive textbook, this covers the basic sciences in ophthalmology and is the only book you need to pass the FRCOphth Part 1 exam.
Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye, Second Edition, thoroughly addresses common features and etiological factors on how dietary and nutritional factors affect the eye. The ocular system is perhaps one of the least studied organs in diet and nutrition, yet the consequences of vision loss are devastating. There are a range of ocular defects that have either their origin in nutritional deficiencies/excess or have been shown to respond favorably to nutritional components. Featuring a new section on animal model studies where both the ocular problem and dietary remedies can be varied, there are also new chapters on dietary supplements. - Serves as a foundational collection for neuroscience, neurology and nutrition researchers, illustrating the importance of nutrition and diet in eye health and function - Provides a common language for readers to discuss how nutritional factors and related diseases and syndromes affect the eye - Features new chapters on infectious diseases of the eye where nutrition is a factor - Discusses animal model studies, dietary supplements, natural dietary extracts from around the world, and age-related changes in ocular health