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The Primary ear and hearing care training manual is intended for training health workers and doctors providing services at primary care health facilities. The manual includes ten modules with discussion points, activities, practicals, and relevant illustrations. An accompanying trainer’s handbook provides guidance on how to structure and customize the training course. Modules can be received separately upon request to [email protected]. Given that ear and hearing problems are some of the most common conditions affecting over 1.5 billion people; and that specialized human resources (e.g., audiologists and ENT specialists) are sparse and unequally distributed, the implementation of this training manuals will contribute to advancing the goal of universal health coverage
Although half of all deafness and hearing impairment is avoidable, an estimated 278 million people worldwide are living with disabling hearing impairment (moderate or worse level of hearing loss in the better hearing ear). Many more have mild hearing loss and/or ear diseases. One quarter of hearing impairment begins during childhood, and 80% of all deaf and hearing impaired people live in low and middle income countries. These problems can be life-long and sometimes life-threatening; they may have profound effects on: inter-personal communication, education, employment prospects, social relationships and through stigmatization. They produce substantial economic burdens on countries. Some of the most effective and cost-effective interventions against ear and hearing problems can be implemented at the primary level by trained primary ear and hearing care (PEHC) workers or primary health care (PHC) workers or their equivalents. Used on a large scale, these interventions will have a major impact on the burden of ear disease and hearing loss. However most developing countries do not have PEHC workers and the topic is hardly addressed in the training of PHC workers. The Primary Ear and Hearing Care Training Resource manuals provide practical information and guidance and can be used as part of a training course, stand-alone training module or in a self-taught manner. They are designed to be useful to a wide range of primary health care personnel. The manuals can also be used to help communities understand common causes of deafness and hearing impairment and ways to prevent and/or treat the conditions.
Four training manuals (basic level, intermediate level trainer’s manual, intermediate level student’s workbook, advanced level) equip primary level health workers and communities in developing countries with simple, effective methods to reduce the burden of ear and hearing disorders. Interactive training provides understanding of ear disease, and basic measures to prevent and manage common conditions and help people use hearing aids effectively.
It is estimated that while more than 400 million people worldwide could benefit from hearing aid use alone, only 17% get to use these devices. This gap of 83% poses a substantial global challenge as unaddressed hearing loss is a leading cause of morbidity with an annual global cost of 980 billion international dollars. The WHO Hearing aid service delivery approaches for low- and middle-income settings is intended for use by people who plan to implement a national or subnational community level programme for the delivery of hearing aid services. It provides guidance on important factors to be considered when developing a community-level programme for the delivery of hearing aid services in low- and middle-income settings through trained non-specialists. This document targets 2 population groups: - children aged older than 5 years; and, - adults aged 18 years and older. The approaches provide directions on who should be fitted with a hearing aid; the process of assessment; the tools to be used; and the protocol for follow-up. Target audience - ear and hearing care coordinators or focal points within ministries of health. - public health planners. - nongovernmental organizations or civil society entities that provide ear and hearing care.
The loss of hearing - be it gradual or acute, mild or severe, present since birth or acquired in older age - can have significant effects on one's communication abilities, quality of life, social participation, and health. Despite this, many people with hearing loss do not seek or receive hearing health care. The reasons are numerous, complex, and often interconnected. For some, hearing health care is not affordable. For others, the appropriate services are difficult to access, or individuals do not know how or where to access them. Others may not want to deal with the stigma that they and society may associate with needing hearing health care and obtaining that care. Still others do not recognize they need hearing health care, as hearing loss is an invisible health condition that often worsens gradually over time. In the United States, an estimated 30 million individuals (12.7 percent of Americans ages 12 years or older) have hearing loss. Globally, hearing loss has been identified as the fifth leading cause of years lived with disability. Successful hearing health care enables individuals with hearing loss to have the freedom to communicate in their environments in ways that are culturally appropriate and that preserve their dignity and function. Hearing Health Care for Adults focuses on improving the accessibility and affordability of hearing health care for adults of all ages. This study examines the hearing health care system, with a focus on non-surgical technologies and services, and offers recommendations for improving access to, the affordability of, and the quality of hearing health care for adults of all ages.
This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. James E. Saunders, Susan R. Cordes and Mark E. Zafereo, is devoted to Global Health in Otolaryngology. Articles in this outstanding issue include: Surgical Care and Otolaryngology in Global Health; Otolaryngology and the Global Burden of Disease; Health Organization and Otolaryngology; Otolaryngology in Low-Resource Settings: Practical and Ethical Considerations; Using Technology in Global Otolaryngology; Educational Resources for Global Health in Otolaryngology; Global Hearing Loss Prevention and Services; Management of Chronic Ear Disease and Otosclerosis; An Evidenced-Based Practical Approach to Pediatric Otolaryngology in the Developing World; Outcome of Head Neck Squamous Cell Cancers in Low Resource Settings: Challenges and Opportunities; Thyroid Disease Around the World; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in Africa; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in Latin America; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in Asia/Pacific; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in the Middle East; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in Europe; and Overview of Otolaryngology-related Disorders in Underserved Populations, Otolaryngology Training, and Workforce Considerations in North America.