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Although we know so much more about Philippine history, than was the case say ten or twenty years ago, the task of reconstructing and reinterpreting it in light of centuries of misinterpretations, distortions and omissions remains a formidable and overwhelming one. To compensate for this horrendous neglect of our history, we need to identify and rectify the imbalances in historical scholarship, to apply the best techniques, use the best perspectives not only of the discipline of history but also those of sister disciplines in the social sciences and humanities as well as access the voluminous historical data in archives and libraries in many parts of the world. It hardly need be stated that there is also a need to re-read the earlier historical presentations for many of them have served only to obscure the real contours of our development as a people. We have reached a stage in our historical development where the rescue of our culture is of utmost importance: we must make any aspect of our culture ever present and easy of access to see its assonance with (or significance in) our present life and to free it from the alienating forces that have prevented its self-appraisal. Obviously, any scholar who engages in the above process would also contribute to the affirmation of the Filipino identity and provide substance to the truism that history can be an instrument of liberation.
Tattooing is a very old and spiritually respected art form that has existed in many different cultures around the world. After many centuries of not being practiced in Europe, tattooing was re-introduced to the Western world through the inhabitants of the Pacific Ocean. Beginnning in the 16th century, European explorers came across many people who practiced tattooing as an integral part of their cultures. This is the first serious study of Filipino tattoos, and it considers early accounts from explorers and Spanish-speaking writers. The text presents Filipino cultural practices connected with ancestral and spiritual aspects of tattoo markings, and how they relate to the process and tools used to make the marks. In the Philippine Islands, tatoos were applied to men and women for many different reasons. It became a form of clothing. Certain designs recognized manhood and personal accomplishments as well as attractiveness, fertility, and continuity of the family or village. Facial tattoos occurred on the bravest warriors with names that denoted particular honor. Through the fascinating text and over 200 images, including color photographs and design drawings, the deep meanings and importance of these markings becomes apparent.
Barangay presents a sixteenth-century Philippine ethnography. Part One describes Visayan culture in eight chapters on physical appearance, food and farming, trades and commerce, religion, literature and entertainment, natural science, social organization, and warfare. Part Two surveys the rest of the archipelago from south to north.
January 1977
First history of the Spanish Phillipines by a layman.
After the Galleons tracks the progress of Philippine foreign trade in the nineteenth century from the end of the galleon trade to the Philippine Revolution. Distributed for the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.