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Models are used in all kinds of engineering disciplines to abstract from the various details of the modelled entity in order to focus on a speci?c aspect. Like a blueprint in civil engineering, a software architecture providesan abstraction from the full software system’s complexity. It allows software designers to get an overview on the system underdevelopmentandtoanalyzeitsproperties.Inthissense,modelsarethefoundation needed for software development to become a true engineering discipline. Especially when reasoning on a software system’s extra-functional properties, its software architecture carries the necessary information for early, design-time analyses. These analyses take the software architecture as input and can be used to direct the design process by allowing a systematic evaluation of different design alternatives. For example, they can be used to cancel out decisions which would lead to architecture - signs whose implementation would not comply with extra-functionalrequirements like performance or reliability constraints. Besides such quality attributes directly visible to the end user, internal quality attributes, e.g., maintainability, also highly depend on the system’s architecture. In addition to the above-mentioned technical aspects of software architecture m- els, non-technical aspects, especially project management-related activities, require an explicit software architecture model. The models are used as input for cost esti- tions, time-, deadline-, and resource planning for the development teams. They serve the project management activities of planning, executing, and controlling, which are necessary to deliver high-quality software systems in time and within the budget.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the International Dagstuhl-Seminar on Architecting Systems with Trustworthy Components, held in Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in December 2004. Presents 10 revised full papers together with 5 invited papers contributed by outstanding researchers. Discusses core problems in measurement and normalization of non-functional properties, modular reasoning over non-functional properties, capture of component requirements in interfaces and protocols, interference and synergy of top-down and bottom-up aspects, and more.
Here's a complete guide to building reliable component-based software systems. Written by world-renowned experts in the component-based software engineering field, this unique resource helps you manage complex software through the development, evaluation and integration of software components. You quickly develop a keen awareness of the benefits and risks to be considered when developing reliable systems using components. A strong software engineering perspective helps you gain a better understanding of software component design, to build systems with stronger requirements, and avoid typical errors throughout the process, leading to improved quality and time to market.
Meant to aid State & local emergency managers in their efforts to develop & maintain a viable all-hazard emergency operations plan. This guide clarifies the preparedness, response, & short-term recovery planning elements that warrant inclusion in emergency operations plans. It offers the best judgment & recommendations on how to deal with the entire planning process -- from forming a planning team to writing the plan. Specific topics of discussion include: preliminary considerations, the planning process, emergency operations plan format, basic plan content, functional annex content, hazard-unique planning, & linking Federal & State operations.
Combining select chapters from Grigsby's standard-setting The Electric Power Engineering Handbook with several chapters not found in the original work, Electric Power Substations Engineering became widely popular for its comprehensive, tutorial-style treatment of the theory, design, analysis, operation, and protection of power substations. For its
Provides insight on both classical means and new trends in the application of power electronic and artificial intelligence techniques in power system operation and control This book presents advanced solutions for power system controllability improvement, transmission capability enhancement and operation planning. The book is organized into three parts. The first part describes the CSC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC technologies, the second part presents the FACTS devices, and the third part refers to the artificial intelligence techniques. All technologies and tools approached in this book are essential for power system development to comply with the smart grid requirements. Discusses detailed operating principles and diagrams, theory of modeling, control strategies and physical installations around the world of HVDC and FACTS systems Covers a wide range of Artificial Intelligence techniques that are successfully applied for many power system problems, from planning and monitoring to operation and control Each chapter is carefully edited, with drawings and illustrations that helps the reader to easily understand the principles of operation or application Advanced Solutions in Power Systems: HVDC, FACTS, and Artificial Intelligence is written for graduate students, researchers in transmission and distribution networks, and power system operation. This book also serves as a reference for professional software developers and practicing engineers.
Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.
This book presents an in-depth description of the Arrowhead Framework and how it fosters interoperability between IoT devices at service level, specifically addressing application. The Arrowhead Framework utilizes SOA technology and the concepts of local clouds to provide required automation capabilities such as: real time control, security, scalability, and engineering simplicity. Arrowhead Framework supports the realization of collaborative automation; it is the only IoT Framework that addresses global interoperability across multiplet SOA technologies. With these features, the Arrowhead Framework enables the design, engineering, and operation of large automation systems for a wide range of applications utilizing IoT and CPS technologies. The book provides application examples from a wide number of industrial fields e.g. airline maintenance, mining maintenance, smart production, electro-mobility, automative test, smart cities—all in response to EU societal challenges. Features Covers the design and implementation of IoT based automation systems. Industrial usage of Internet of Things and Cyber Physical Systems made feasible through Arrowhead Framework. Functions as a design cookbook for building automation systems using IoT/CPS and Arrowhead Framework. Tools, templates, code etc. described in the book will be accessible through open sources project Arrowhead Framework Wiki at forge.soa4d.org/ Written by the leading experts in the European Union and around the globe.