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Preliminary results of a theoretical study of precursor effects in electromagnetic shock tubes are presented. In particular, an examination is made of the theories of fast luminous fronts which are observed to precede shock waves in such shock tubes. Errors in a theory by Paxton and Fowler are indicated. (Author).
An electromagnetic shock tube was constructed and the observed phenomena explained assuming that the energy transferred to the driver section is stored in the form of magnetic energy. The velocity of the shock front and its rate of decay were measured and compared with theoretical predictions based upon the infinite conductivity magnetohydrodynamic flow equations. A Kerr cell shutter camera was used to photograph the shock fronts which were found to be jumbled, suggesting magnetic turbulence. A magnetic field was applied along the axis of the shock tube and its effect on the shock velocity and on the character of the shock front were explained by the interaction of the driver currents with the applied axial magnetic field. A ''precursor'' wave was observed and the gas velocity behind it measured using the boundary layer on a probe placed along the axis of the shock tube. This value of the gas velocity and measured values of the wave velocity, gas density and electric field strength are shown to be compatible with a wave-type mechanism. (Author).
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This report was concerned with the nature, cause and magnitude of some of the precursor effects and the separation of the shock from the hot gas associated with the discharge in the 6-inch electromagnetically driven shock tube. The fact that the shock tube is 4 m long allows one to study the propagation of the shock wave after the discharge has terminated. The large diameter makes the tube wall effects less important. It was found that the main precursor effect was caused by vacuum ultraviolet radiation. Impurities in the gas were probably ionized. It should be noted that near the discharge, a very large percentage of these impurities will be ionized. If the impurity level is not very low, it is quite possible to increase the enthalpy of the gas ahead of the shock significantly through ionization of the impurities. For instance, if the average energy absorbed per impurity molecule were 20 ev and the impurity concentration were 0.1 mole percent, the absorption of this much energy would correspond to an increase in temperature of about 150 K. Any calculations based on the Rankine-Hugoniot relations would have to take this fact into account.
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