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"This report discusses only those disposal operations in which the dredged material is deposited within an area confined by natural or man-made barriers. The containment barrier may be an embankment or an open pit that will retain solids and pollutants and allow escape of less turbid and polluted water. The study dealt primarily with existing disposal sites for which pertinent data were available. Complete records of disposal area operations in most Districts are generally unavailable..."--p. 2.
Nine dredged material land containment areas, located at upland, lowland, and island sites, were monitored during hydraulic dredging operations in fresh- and brackish-water riverine, lake, and estuarine environments. Influent-effluent sampling at the diked disposal areas showed that, with proper retention of suspended solids, most chemical constituents could be removed to near or below background water levels. Most heavy metals, oil and grease, chlorinated pesticides, and PCB's were almost totally associated with solids in both the influent and effluent samples. The only chemical parameters which failed to show average decreases of less than 90 percent in total effluent samples include: titanium (89 percent), manganese (88 percent), potassium (78 percent), magnesium (64 percent), ammonium nitrogen (57 percent), mercury (46 percent), op DDE (46 percent), and pp DDE (21 percent). Effluent mercury and titanium frequently appeared to be mainly associated with
Is there an allure of spoiled places? Spoil islands are overlooked places that combine dirt with paradise, waste-land with “brave new world,” and wildness with human intervention. Although they are mundane products of dredging, these islands form an uninvestigated archipelago that demonstrates the potential value and contested re-valuation of landscapes of waste. To explore these islands, Spoil Island: Reading the Makeshift Archipelago navigates a course along the U.S. east coast, moving from New York City to Florida. Along the way, a general populace squats, picnics, and reflects on the islands, while other forces are also at work. New York City parks commissioner Robert Moses first deplores then adopts Hoffman and Swinburne Islands, UN Secretary General U Thant meditates on the East River’s Belmont Island, businessman John D. MacArthur rejects the purchase of Peanut Island, artist Christo surrounds Miami’s spoil islands, Key Westers debate the futures of two spoil islands that mark their sunset view, and artist Robert Smithson augments this archipelago materially and conceptually. Historical and contemporary stories highlight each island’s often contradictory ecologies that pair nature with infrastructure, public concerns with private development, rationalized urbanism with artistic impulse, and order with disorder. Spoil islands put you in places you normally wouldn’t—and perhaps shouldn’t—be. To examine these marginalized topographies is to understand emergent concerns of twenty-first-century place-making, public space, and natural and artificial infrastructure. Today, spoil islands constitute an unprecedented public commons, where human agency and nature are inextricably linked. Spoil Island will be of interest to anyone working in the areas of architecture, cultural history, cultural geography, environmental studies, or environmental philosophy. Linking the islands with their environmental aesthetics, Charlie Hailey provides a lively and critical topography of places that play a part in current events and local situations with global implications.