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Power Transformer Online Monitoring using Electromagnetic Waves explores how to use electromagnetic wave technology and remote monitoring systems to predict and localize costly mechanical defects and partial discharge challenges in high voltage transformer windings. This innovative approach brings several potential benefits compared with conventional techniques such as frequency response analysis, including impermeability to ambient noise, and online implementation capability. This book reviews both fundamental and state-of-the-art information about all key aspects of condition monitoring using electromagnetic waves. It addresses the simulation of power transformers in CST environment while also explaining the theoretical background of boundary conditions used. Chapters review how to achieve practical online implementation, reliable diagnosis, asset management and remnant life estimation. Partial discharge detection is also discussed. - Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the electromagnetic wave method in comparison with classical monitoring methods - Explores how to design and implement power transformer monitoring systems using electromagnetic waves - Investigates partial discharge detection and localization in addition to the partial discharge emission effects on defect detection
Partial discharges within power transformers emit electromagnetic waves. The current thesis aims to provide fundamental knowledge about measuring and interpretation of the electromagnetic signals. Investigations in laboratory are confirmed by several case studies. The applicability using electromagnetic signals for partial discharge measurements on transformer in the field is demonstrated under real test conditions.
The reliability of electrical energy networks depends on the quality and availability of their electrical equipment, e.g., power transformers. Local failures inside their insulation can lead to breakdowns resulting in high outage and penalty costs. To prevent these destructive events, power transformers are tested for partial discharge (PD) activity in a routine test before shipment. Furthermore, PD activity can be evaluated as a diagnostic measurement on-site (on-line or off-line) or be constantly monitored during service using the ultra-high frequency (UHF) method. In this thesis, a calibration procedure is proposed for the UHF method used in power transformers, which is lacking so far. The calibration process is required to ensure both reproducibility and comparability of UHF measurements. Only a calibrated UHF measurement procedure can be deemed reliable and eventually be introduced to supplement in (site-)acceptance tests of power transformers. The proposed calibration method considers two factors: The influence of the UHF sensors' sensitivity and that of the UHF instrument characteristics, including accessories like cables, pre-amplifier, etc. The UHF instruments' influence is corrected by using a defined and invariable test signal as a reference for all recording devices comparable to the calibration method used in IEC 60270 for electrical PD measurement. The sensitivity of the UHF sensor is addressed by a characterization of UHF sensors using the antenna factor (AF) measured in a special reproducible setup, i.e., a GTEM cell. In this thesis, a self-built GTEM cell is presented, which is oil-filled to address the environmental conditions inside a transformer where the sensor will be used. With such a cell, influences on the AF of UHF sensors are investigated, and it is shown that sensor sensitivities measured in an air-filled cell can be corrected to the oil environment. A practical evaluation of the proposed calibration procedure is performed in a laboratory setup on a distribution transformer with different UHF instruments and sensors using artificial PD signals and real high voltage driven PD sources. Finally, this thesis identifies future research topics, which may be needed to improve the proposed UHF calibration procedure for power transformers and the UHF method in general.
A cutting-edge, advanced level, exploration of optical sensing application in power transformers Optical Sensing in Power Transformers is filled with the critical information and knowledge on the optical techniques applied in power transformers, which are important and expensive components in the electric power system. Effective monitoring of systems has proven to decrease the transformer lifecycle cost and increase a high level of availability and reliability. It is commonly held that optical sensing techniques will play an increasingly significant role in online monitoring of power transformers. In this comprehensive text, the authors—noted experts on the topic—present a scholarly review of the various cutting-edge optical principles and methodologies adopted for online monitoring of power transformers. Grounded in the authors' extensive research, the book examines optical techniques and high-voltage equipment testing and provides the foundation for further application, prototype, and manufacturing. The book explores the principles, installation, operation, condition detection, monitoring, and fault diagnosis of power transformers. This important text: Provides a current exploration of optical sensing application in power transformers Examines the critical balance and pros and cons of cost and quality of various optical condition monitoring techniques Presents a wide selection of techniques with appropriate technical background Extends the vision of condition monitoring testing and analysis Treats condition monitoring testing and analysis tools together in a coherent framework Written for researchers, technical research and development personnel, manufacturers, and frontline engineers, Optical Sensing in Power Transformers offers an up-to-date review of the most recent developments of optical sensing application in power transformers.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Power Transformer Diagnostics, Monitoring and Design Features" that was published in Energies
Recent Trends in the Condition Monitoring of Transformers reflects the current interest in replacing traditional techniques used in power transformer condition monitoring with non-invasive measures such as polarization/depolarization current measurement, recovery voltage measurement, frequency domain spectroscopy and frequency response analysis. The book stresses the importance of scrutinizing the condition of transformer insulation which may fail under present day conditions of intensive use with the resulting degradation of dielectric properties causing functional failure of the transformer. The text shows the reader how to overcome the key challenges facing today’s maintenance policies, namely: The selection of appropriate techniques for dealing with each type of failure process accounting for the needs of plant owners, plant users and wider society; and Cost-efficiency and durability of effect. Many of the failure-management methods presented rely on the fact that most failures give warning when they are imminent. These potential failures give rise to identifiable physical conditions and the novel approaches described detect them so that action can be taken to avoid degeneration into full-blown functional failure. This “on-condition” maintenance means that equipment can be left in service as long as a specified set of performance standards continue to be met, avoiding the costly downtime imposed by routine and perhaps unnecessary maintenance but without risking equally expensive failure. Recent Trends in the Condition Monitoring of Transformers will be of considerable interest to both academic researchers in power systems and to engineers working in the power generation and distribution industry showing how new and more efficient methods of fault diagnosis and condition management can increase transformer efficiency and cut costs.
"This book explores relevant theoretical frameworks, the latest empirical research findings, and industry-approved techniques in this field of electromagnetic transient phenomena"--Provided by publisher.
Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators Discover an insightful and complete overview of electromagnetic analysis and fault diagnosis in large synchronous generators In Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators, a team of distinguished engineers delivers a comprehensive review of the electromagnetic analysis and fault diagnosis of synchronous generators. Beginning with an introduction to several types of synchronous machine structures, the authors move on to the most common faults found in synchronous generators and their impacts on performance. The book includes coverage of different modeling tools, including the finite element method, winding function, and magnetic equivalent circuit, as well as various types of health monitoring systems focusing on the magnetic field, voltage, current, shaft flux, and vibration. Finally, Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators covers signal processing tools that can help identify hidden patterns caused by faults and machine learning tools enabling automated condition monitoring. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to condition monitoring in electric machines and its importance to synchronous generators Comprehensive explorations of the classification of synchronous generators, including armature arrangement, machine construction, and applications Practical discussions of different types of electrical and mechanical faults in synchronous generators, including short circuit faults, eccentricity faults, misalignment, core-related faults, and broken damper bar faults In-depth examinations of the modeling of healthy and faulty synchronous generators, including analytical and numerical methods Perfect for engineers working in electrical machine analysis, maintenance, and fault detection, Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators is also an indispensable resource for professors and students in electrical power engineering.
This book gathers selected papers presented at the conference “Advances in 3D Image and Graphics Representation, Analysis, Computing and Information Technology,” one of the first initiatives devoted to the problems of 3D imaging in all contemporary scientific and application areas. The aim of the conference was to establish a platform for experts to combine their efforts and share their ideas in the related areas in order to promote and accelerate future development. This second volume discusses algorithms and applications, focusing mainly on the following topics: 3D printing technologies; naked, dynamic and auxiliary 3D displays; VR/AR/MR devices; VR camera technologies; microprocessors for 3D data processing; advanced 3D computing systems; 3D data-storage technologies; 3D data networks and technologies; 3D data intelligent processing; 3D data cryptography and security; 3D visual quality estimation and measurement; and 3D decision support and information systems.
This book provides comprehensive coverage of the latest advances and trends in information technology, science and engineering. Specifically, it addresses a number of broad themes, including multi-modal informatics, data mining, agent-based and multi-agent systems for health and education informatics, which inspire the development of intelligent information technologies. The book covers a wide range of topics such as AI applications and innovations in health and education informatics; data and knowledge management; multi-modal application management; and web/social media mining for multi-modal informatics. Outlining promising future research directions, the book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and professionals and a useful reference guide for newcomers to the field. This book is a compilation of the papers presented in the 4th International Conference on Multi-modal Information Analytics, held online, on April 23, 2022.