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This book describes power management integrated circuits (PMIC), for power converters and voltage regulators necessary for energy efficient and small form factor systems. The authors discuss state-of-the-art PMICs not only for battery powered wearable devices, but also energy harvesting-based devices. The circuits presented support voltage scaling to reduce the overall average power consumption of a wearable device, resulting in longer device operating time. The discussion includes many designs, control techniques and approaches to distribute efficiently the power among different blocks in the device. • Demonstrates for readers how to innovate in designing power management integrated circuits (PMIC) suitable for wearable devices, powered by either battery or harvesting energy; • Introduces a dual outputs switched capacitor, using a single voltage regulator to minimize the area overhead and discusses the effect of having more than two outputs on the area and power efficiency; • Introduces a novel clock-less digital LDO regulator that eliminates the use of the clocked comparator and serial shift register in the conventional design; • Presents experimental results of energy harvesting-based power management units (PMU), using different combinations of power converters and voltage regulators, providing a guide for designers to select the appropriate option based on device requirements.
With contributions from an internationally-renowned group of experts, this book uses a multidisciplinary approach to review recent developments in the field of smart sensor systems, covering important system and design aspects. It examines topics over the whole range of sensor technology from the theory and constraints of basic elements, physics and electronics, up to the level of application-orientated issues. Developed as a complementary volume to ‘Smart Sensor Systems’ (Wiley 2008), which introduces the basics of smart sensor systems, this volume focuses on emerging sensing technologies and applications, including: State-of-the-art techniques for designing smart sensors and smart sensor systems, including measurement techniques at system level, such as dynamic error correction, calibration, self-calibration and trimming. Circuit design for sensor systems, such as the design of precision instrumentation amplifiers. Impedance sensors, and the associated measurement techniques and electronics, that measure electrical characteristics to derive physical and biomedical parameters, such as blood viscosity or growth of micro-organisms. Complete sensor systems-on-a-chip, such as CMOS optical imagers and microarrays for DNA detection, and the associated circuit and micro-fabrication techniques. Vibratory gyroscopes and the associated electronics, employing mechanical and electrical signal amplification to enable low-power angular-rate sensing. Implantable smart sensors for neural interfacing in bio-medical applications. Smart combinations of energy harvesters and energy-storage devices for autonomous wireless sensors. Smart Sensor Systems: Emerging Technologies and Applications will greatly benefit final-year undergraduate and postgraduate students in the areas of electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering, and physics. Professional engineers and researchers in the microelectronics industry, including microsystem developers, will also find this a thorough and useful volume.
Wearable sensors help us in taking corrective steps that will make us healthier than yesterday. Wearable sensors empower people to be productive, active and attentive by instilling in them, the need to take care of themselves. Now, smart phone users can monitor their health and fitness on their mobile devices. Smart watches, performance monitoring, virtual coaching, body temperature management, activity tracking are few applications worth mentioning. A continuous estimation of fitness level, employing these wearable devices, can potentially help users in setting personalized short and long-term exercise goals leading to positive impact on one's overall health. Efficiency, life span, power consumption and performance are among the key issues in desiring a wearable device. Where a device needs longer life, bigger battery can be used but large size leads to discomfort in wearable sensors usage, so we concentrate on smaller sized batteries and smaller devices. Smaller the size of wearable sensor goes; bigger the longevity problem arises in terms of maintaining the power to use wearable sensor efficiently. Bluetooth used as a wireless link communication between wearable sensor and handheld devices or computer drains wearable device power faster. In this context prolonging battery life is one among major challenges that needs to be addressed in a wearable system. In this study, we address various efficient power management techniques for wearable sensors and decisions taken during designing a software algorithm, since software is also one among key factors that drives the hardware of a wearable sensor. This thesis is organized as follows: first, the wearable sensor hardware and firmware are described. Next, power management techniques, provided by the manufacturer are presented. Finally, power budget analysis and efficient power management methods are illustrated with results. Chapter 1 details the importance of wearable sensor and uses in variety of fields.
This book describes fully-integrated power management circuits for thermoelectric energy harvesting. Readers will learn about the applications, system design fundamentals, designs of building blocks, maximum power point tracking techniques, and design of battery chargers. The book covers the following key topics: 1) minimizing the cost of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) by considering the maximum open circuit voltage of TEG and the dependence of the power conversion efficiency of the converter on the input voltage, 2) controlling the input voltage of the converter system to ensure it remains higher than the minimum operating voltage, 3) designing a charge pump operating in the sub-threshold region, considering factors such as clock frequency, stage capacitor size, rectifying device size, and the number of stages, 4) implementing maximum power point tracking techniques with a small circuit area, and 5) designing a fully integrated battery charger. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of these concepts and their practical applications. In addition, this book: Provides a concise introduction to fully-integrated power management circuits for thermoelectric energy harvesting Covers design of building blocks, system, battery charger, maximum power point tracking techniques and applications Enables readers to gain quickly comprehensive understanding of key concepts and their practical applications.
This book is based on the 18 tutorials presented during the 28th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. Expert designers present readers with information about a variety of topics at the frontier of analog circuit design, including next-generation analog-to-digital converters , high-performance power management systems and technology considerations for advanced IC design. For anyone involved in analog circuit research and development, this book will be a valuable summary of the state-of-the-art in these areas. Provides a summary of the state-of-the-art in analog circuit design, written by experts from industry and academia; Presents material in a tutorial-based format; Includes coverage of next-generation analog-to-digital converters, high-performance power management systems, and technology considerations for advanced IC design.
The book starts with the fundamentals of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), and continues through to fabrication technologies to achieve flexible and stretchable. Then self-powered flexible microsystems are introduced and application examples are presented, including TENG-based active sensors, TENG-powered actuators, artificial intelligence and integrated systems.
Smart Clothes and Wearable Technology, Second Edition focuses on the design process, material selection, garment construction, and new production techniques for smart clothing. Building on the success of the previous edition, this book brings wearable technologies ever closer to market with its design-led approach to the integration of technologies into textiles. This design-led, cross-disciplinary approach to the development of hybrid processes ensures that results are both attractive and usable to wider audiences. The book will also help designers adapt their product development processes in response to novel textile and garment manufacturing technologies. Case studies showing best practices and warning of pitfalls help the reader develop applications and products in the real world. The differences between testing and design for smart and traditional clothes are also discussed. Features new chapters on textile processes including knit, weave, print and embroidery for specialist Smart Clothing and footwear applications, as well as for personal protection Provides an update on current applications and investigates possible future developments in the integration of technology into clothing Raises important issues around end-of-life and disposal of smart clothing and wearable technologies
Explore this indispensable guide covering the fundamentals of IOT and wearable devices from a leading voice in the field Fundamentals of IoT and Wearable Technology Design delivers a comprehensive exploration of the foundations of the Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable technology. Throughout the textbook, the focus is on IoT and wearable technology and their applications, including mobile health, environment, home automation, and smart living. Readers will learn about the most recent developments in the design and prototyping of these devices. This interdisciplinary work combines technical concepts from electrical, mechanical, biomedical, computer, and industrial engineering, all of which are used in the design and manufacture of IoT and wearable devices. Fundamentals of IoT and Wearable Technology Design thoroughly investigates the foundational characteristics, architectural aspects, and practical considerations, while offering readers detailed and systematic design and prototyping processes of typical use cases representing IoT and wearable technology. Later chapters discuss crucial issues, including PCB design, cloud and edge topologies, privacy and health concerns, and regulatory policies. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the applications of IoT and wearable technology, including biomedicine and healthcare, fitness and wellbeing, sports, home automation, and more Discussions of wearable components and technologies, including microcontrollers and microprocessors, sensors, actuators and communication modules An exploration of the characteristics and basics of the communication protocols and technologies used in IoT and wearable devices An overview of the most important security challenges, threats, attacks and vulnerabilities faced by IoT and wearable devices along with potential solutions Perfect for research and development scientists working in the wearable technology and Internet of Things spaces, Fundamentals of IoT and Wearable Technology Design will also earn a place in the libraries of undergraduate and graduate students studying wearable technology and IoT, as well as professors and practicing technologists in the area.
This book focuses on the numerous energy harvesting techniques and their system implementation towards the fulfilment of energy requirements in compact electronic devices. These cover a wide range of applications in portable devices, bio-medical services, agriculture needs, mechanical systems, sensor networks, automobiles, food sector, home appliances, industry needs, etc. The authors detail energy harvesting methods using the latest technologies in acoustics, bio-chemical, thermal, artificial light, fluid flow, vibrations, EM energy, RF energy, piezoelectric, electrostatic, photovoltaic, thermoelectric, hybrid harvesting, ultrasonic, infrared, light, wind, and solar. The book is intended for researchers, academics, professionals, and students in energy harvesting.