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The growing interest in recent years in the anchoring to membranes of proteins by post translational modification is documented by the large number of publications which ap peared in this field. In September 1987, scientists from 10 countries from all over the world met in the resort village of Les Diablerets, Switzerland, to discuss the most recent advances made in this field. The sessions were devoted to the anchoring of membrane proteins by cova lent attachment of fatty acids and of glycophospholipids. The workshop brought together many scientists working on vastly different proteins such as the variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosomes and antigens of the mammalian cells. The subject of the workshop unified many scientists who had not met before and thus greatly stimulated interdisciplinary work. In addition to the lectures, each participant was provided with a collection of Methods currently in use in the study of membrane proteins anchored by post-translational modifica tion. An updated version of this collection is now presented as a Laboratory Manual, and the techniques described therein will give researchers easy and practical access to the investiga tion of post-translationally modified proteins. The publication of the present book by Springer follows an established tradition of previously published manuals on the handling of membrane proteins. Our thanks go to the authors who made the essential contribution in writing and adapting the experimental protocols, to Mrs. R.
The only comprehensive one-volume work describing protein-bound lipids Lipid Modifications of Proteins is the first single-volume publication to provide a comprehensive discussion of the five major kinds of protein-bound lipids. The book examines the biochemical activities involved in covalent attachment of different kinds of lipids to proteins, and it indicates the extent of lipid modifications to proteins. The book also thoroughly evaluates current hypotheses on roles of covalent lipids in protein structure and function. This one-of-a-kind volume is essential for molecular biologists, cell biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, microbiologists, and other researchers interested in the effect of lipids on proteins.
Post-translational modifications serve many different purposes in several cellular processes such as gene expression, protein folding and transport to appropriate cell compartment, protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions, enzyme regulation, signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, protein stability, recycling and degradation. Although several-hundred different modifications are known, the significance of many of them remains unknown. The enormous versatility of the modifications which frequently alter the physico-chemical properties of the respective proteins represents an extraordinary challenge in understanding their physiological role. Since essential cellular functions are regulated by protein modifications, an improvement of current understanding of their meaning might allow new avenues to prevent and/or alleviate human and animal diseases.
This book summarizes recent advances in post-translational modification reactions and discusses the significance of these reactions to cellular biology. Topics covered include identification and characterization of various types of post-translational modified proteins by ion spray MAS; sulfation and phosporylation of proteins; non-enzymatic glycation under diabetic conditions; amidation carboxymethylation and ADP-ribosylation of proteins, and enzymatic glycosylation of proteins.
Lipid Modification of Proteins: A Practical Approach is a unique guide to the latest methods is use, written by the acknowledged experts in the field. Detailed protocols are provided for all the key techniques, and the relevant background material is included. This book is an essential manual for a wide range of scientists studying the modification of protein by lipids, including membrane and protein biochemists, cell biologists, immunologists, bacteriologists, parasitologists, and virologists.
In Protein Lipidation Protocols, Michael Gelb brings together a collection of readily reproducible techniques for studying protein lipidation, the covalent attachment of lipids to proteins. These cutting-edge methods-many never published before in a "hands-on" format-deal with glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-containing compounds, protein fatty acylation, and protein prenylation. Included are novel techniques for determining the chemical structure of GPI-anchors, for radiolabeling the prenyl groups of protein in eukaryotic cells, a tool for developing inhibitors of the protein farnesyltransferase, and for an exciting lysosomal enzyme that cleaves fatty acyl groups from proteins, the first fatty acylase discovered. Protein Lipidation Protocols offers biochemists, cell and molecular biologists, medicinal chemists, and pharmaceutical researchers state-of-the-art tools for understanding the complex biochemistry of protein lipidation, as well as catalyzing the development of many important new biopharmaceuticals, including anticancer drugs.
This volume is organized around the three major classes of lipids that have been identified in covalent attachment to proteins in eukaryotic cells: isoprenoids, saturated fatty acyl groups and glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ).
This volume contains 56 contributions presented at the 1st International Symposium on Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins and Ageing, held on the Island of Ischia (Naples, Italy) from May 11 to 15, 1987, under the auspices of the University of Naples and the Italian Society of Biochemistry. The primary aim of this interdisciplinary meeting was to promote a productive exchange among scientists from different cultural areas, and to give them the opportunity to discuss problems of common interest approached from different scientific standpoints. Although a large number of studies has led to a definition of the chemical mechanisms and of the main enzymological aspects of the several post-translational modifications of proteins, we are still far away from a complete elucidation of the functional significance of such processes. As a matter of fact, it seems reasonable that the presently available experi mental approaches and models employed to investigate the biological roles are still inadequate. The search for suitable model systems was a matter of discussion during the meeting, and will be a major challenge in the future. The most frequently employed approaches to this problem thus far have been in vitro, but several proteins reported to be excellent in vitro substrates failed to show any activity when assayed in in vivo models.
Post - Translational Modification: A Practical Approach and its companion volume Protein Expression: A Practical Approach form the final part of the PAS mini-series on protein synthesis and processing. This volume begins with a chapter on protein sequencing followed by a chapter on protein folding and import into organelles. The next three chapters cover the three major forms of covalent modification: phosphorylation, glycosylation, and lipid modification. Proteolytic processing the is the next topic and the final two chapters are concerned with protein turnover in mammalian cells and yeast. This book is a comprehensive volume of the best current methodology and is designed to be used at the bench or away from the bench to gain insight into future experimental approached.