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This report examines the circumstances surrounding the crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17). The report considers several factors that lead investigators to believe that the plane may have been shot down by a surface-to-air missile fired from a Buk road-mobile missile erector-launcher, including the type of damage directly sustained by the plane, the large debris field, the crash's proximity to an active conflict zone in which military aircraft had recently been shot down and U.S. intelligence that detected a missile launch from the area around the time the plane was overhead.
On 17 July 2014, at 13.20 a Boeing 777-200 with the Malaysia Airlines nationality and registration mark 9M-MRD disappeared to the west of the TAMAK air navigation waypoint in Ukraine. The aeroplane impacted the ground in the eastern part of Ukraine, near the villages of Hrabove, Rozsypne and Petropavlivka. All 298 persons on board lost their lives. The in-flight disintegration of the aeroplane near the Ukrainian/ Russian border was the result of the detonation of a warhead. The weapon used was a 9N314M-model warhead carried on the 9M38-series of missiles, as installed on the Buk surface-to-air missile system. But was MH17 really hit by a 9N314M model war head mounted on a 9M38 series missile? Careful examination of the available facts show that the conclusion of the Dutch Safety Board (DSB) are questionable to say the least. The report is a mixture of an air crash investigation and a criminal investigation.
Having always been in love with all things related to aviation since childhood, Azharuddin Abdul Rahman's dream came true when he was given a chance to enter the field of aircraft engineering. Serving as Director-General for eleven years with the Department of Civil Aviation (DCA), he had had many valuable experiences.However, the two biggest tragedies that occurred in 2014, that of MH370 and MH17, had the greatest impact on his life, and affected not just the victims and their families, but the entire Malaysian aviation industry.Azharuddin was directly involved in leading the search missions of the tragic disappearance of MH370 on 8 March 2014, and in a series of investigations concerning the downing of MH17 in eastern Ukraine on 17 July of the same year.As Director-General, Azharuddin faced a heavy burden in the aftermath of the twin disasters, of which MH370 remains unsolved to the present day. No one was prepared for the MH370 tragedy despite all the training they had received. As for MH17, Azharuddin laments that the tragedy may have been prevented had full information on the level of conflict in Ukraine been made available during that time. In both cases, all passengers and crew on board were killed.Both tragic events marked a new history in the aviation industry, both in Malaysia and in the international arena, causing new reforms to burst into action to ensure similar incidents will not happen again.In writing this book, Azharuddin draws from personal experience, conducting his research with and around aviation industry professionals, and drawing insights from others involved in both incidents to present a full and raw take on the twin disasters of the Malaysian aviation industry in 2014.
This open access volume surveys the state of the field to examine whether a fifth wave of deterrence theory is emerging. Bringing together insights from world-leading experts from three continents, the volume identifies the most pressing strategic challenges, frames theoretical concepts, and describes new strategies. The use and utility of deterrence in today’s strategic environment is a topic of paramount concern to scholars, strategists and policymakers. Ours is a period of considerable strategic turbulence, which in recent years has featured a renewed emphasis on nuclear weapons used in defence postures across different theatres; a dramatic growth in the scale of military cyber capabilities and the frequency with which these are used; and rapid technological progress including the proliferation of long-range strike and unmanned systems. These military-strategic developments occur in a polarized international system, where cooperation between leading powers on arms control regimes is breaking down, states widely make use of hybrid conflict strategies, and the number of internationalized intrastate proxy conflicts has quintupled over the past two decades. Contemporary conflict actors exploit a wider gamut of coercive instruments, which they apply across a wider range of domains. The prevalence of multi-domain coercion across but also beyond traditional dimensions of armed conflict raises an important question: what does effective deterrence look like in the 21st century? Answering that question requires a re-appraisal of key theoretical concepts and dominant strategies of Western and non-Western actors in order to assess how they hold up in today’s world. Air Commodore Professor Dr. Frans Osinga is the Chair of the War Studies Department of the Netherlands Defence Academy and the Special Chair in War Studies at the University Leiden. Dr. Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Research Fellow at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy in Breda.
An insider's account of Romania's emergence from communism control In the 1970s American attorney Alfred H. Moses was approached on the streets of Bucharest by young Jews seeking help to emigrate to Israel. This became the author's mission until the communist regime fell in 1989. Before that Moses had met periodically with Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceausescu, to persuade him to allow increased Jewish emigration. This experience deepened Moses's interest in Romania—an interest that culminated in his serving as U.S. ambassador to the country from 1994 to 1997 during the Clinton administration. The ambassador's time of service in Romania came just a few years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. During this period Romania faced economic paralysis and was still buried in the rubble of communism. Over the next three years Moses helped nurture Romania's nascent democratic institutions, promoted privatization of Romania's economy, and shepherded Romania on the path toward full integration with Western institutions. Through frequent press conferences, speeches, and writings in the Romanian and Western press and in his meetings with Romanian officials at the highest level, he stated in plain language the steps Romania needed to take before it could be accepted in the West as a free and democratic country. Bucharest Diary: An American Ambassador's Journey is filled with firsthand stories, including colorful anecdotes, of the diplomacy, both public and private, that helped Romania recover from four decades of communist rule and, eventually, become a member of both NATO and the European Union. Romania still struggles today with the consequences of its history, but it has reached many of its post-communist goals, which Ambassador Moses championed at a crucial time. This book will be of special interest to readers of history and public affairs—in particular those interested in Jewish life under communist rule in Eastern Europe and how the United States and its Western partners helped rebuild an important country devastated by communism.
"A staggering, meticulous and frequently spine-chilling work of longform journalism." Trent Dalton Somewhere deep beneath the wild seas of the southern Indian Ocean, perhaps in the eerie underwater canyons of Broken Ridge along the Seventh Arc satellite band, lies the answer to the world's greatest aviation mystery. Why, on the night of 8 March 2014, did Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 suddenly U-turn, zig-zag up the Straits of Malacca, then vanish with 239 souls on board? Was it an elaborate murder-suicide by a rogue pilot? A terrible accident such as onboard fire, rapid decompression or systems failure? A terrorist hijacking gone wrong? Or something else entirely? Award-winning journalist Ean Higgins has led the world media's coverage of this incredible saga and draws on years of interviews with aviation experts, victims' families, air crash investigators and professional hunters across land, sea and sky to dissect the riddle of MH370's fate. PRAISE FOR THE HUNT FOR MH370 "The Hunt for MH370 is a riveting page-turner written with the drama and intrigue of a thriller. Piece by tantalising piece, Ean Higgins unpuzzles this most baffling of mysteries, asking dangerous questions and revealing shocking truths." Dick Smith "The disappearance of MH370 remains the greatest and most pressing mystery in aviation history that demands answers for both the families of the stricken passengers and the travelling public. No journalist has been more relentless in the pursuit of the truth of MH370 than Ean Higgins. The Hunt for MH370 is an engrossing book in which Higgins has meticulously pieced together the puzzle of the doomed flight from its vanishing to the flawed investigation and the largest maritime search ever that leads the reader to a chilling conclusion that is almost impossible to comprehend." Paul Whittaker, Chief Executive Sky News and former editor-in-chief, The Australian
IN A WORLD WHERE WE CAN BE TRACKED BY OUR MOBILE PHONES, CCTV AND SPY SATELLITES, THINGS DO NOT JUST DISAPPEAR. ESPECIALLY NOT A BIG THING LIKE A JUMBO JET. BUT MALAYSIAN AIRLINES FIGHT MH370 DID.A wide-bodied Boeing 777 is so large that you could barely park it on a football field. But soon after a routine takeoff from Kuala Lumpur International Airport on the night of 7 March 2014, Flight MH370 disappeared from the radar with 227 passengers and 12 crew on board. No one could even be sure where it was last seen. Debris was spotted hundreds, then thousands of miles apart, only to be discounted.For weeks this real-life version of the hit TV show Lost gripped the world. Even Russia's invasion of the Crimea couldn't keep it off the front pages. Were those on board to be found alive on a mysterious tropical island? Had they crashed into the sea? Had the plane been hijacked or brought down by a terrorist bomb?As the story unfolded more mysteries came to light. Who had turned off the plane's tracking systems? And why? Why had there been no 'Mayday' call? And which way was it headed?Why were governments and institutions that had information about Flight MH370 so reluctant to share it? And why did the mobile phones of those on board continue to ring out. Wild theories abounded. Had Flight MH370 been abducted by aliens? Or shot down by the North Koreans?Its route took it nowhere near the Devil's Sea - the Pacific's answer to the Bermuda Triangle. But somehow, in the world of the web, where every email was intercepted, the disappearance of MH370 began to rival the legend of the Marie Celeste.Prolific author Nigel Cawthorne sifts the evidence, weighs the theories and unravels the mystery of Flight MH370.
"I started working on this book in spring 2019 while recovering from minor surgery that at the time felt like the biggest health scare to me. The writing of the first few theoretical chapters helped to distract me from my health issue. I planned to continue my work on the book in the summer of 2020, which at that time I anticipated would be another quiet summer at home after my return from a planned trip to Europe. I did not know yet about the biggest world health scare that would coincide with the continuation of my work on the book: the COVID-19 pandemic. It slowly entered every corner of the world, made people socially distance from one another per national and state orders, forced us to stay home, cancel all travel plans, wear masks, and get used to what "the new normal" might be while hoping for the miraculous return of the "old normal." For the second time in two years I turned to the writing of my book as an escape: this time - for a much-needed respite from the global madness and a rising death toll. It also made me think about all those petty ideological and political differences that separated countries in pre-pandemic times, like Russia and the U.S. having grown so far apart in the last few years that they almost have reached the point of no return. I started wondering if a global health scare, such as the ongoing pandemic, could bring states and nations together in tackling the disease. I also wondered if the overused and therefore clichéd phrase "We are all in this together" could go beyond national borders and erase some of the differences that have prevented this"--
‘People often say that non-fiction books read like fast-moving thrillers, but this one genuinely does... This is a splendid book – and highly recommended.’ Daily Mail A remarkable piece of investigative journalism into one of the most pervasive and troubling mysteries of recent memory.
Professor Daniel Treisman answers some of scholars' most pressing questions that haunt modern day Russia. Why did the Soviet Union disintegrate, and could its collapse have been avoided? Did Yeltsin destroy too much or too little of the Soviet political order? What explains Putin's unprecedented popularity with the Russian public? How did the "oligarchs" reshape the Russian economy? Treisman suggests that these questions can be answered by looking back through the dynamic political and social traditions of the region. Rigorous rather than rhetorical, this book uses historically documented evidence with modern day conditions to paint a complete picture of Russia today. In a time when global politics are more important than ever, it is critical for us to understand the inner workings.