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This article presents position statements, issue briefs, and resolutions and consensus statements of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN). The Position Statements include: (1) Allergy/Anaphylaxis Management in the School Setting; (2) Caseload Assignments; (3) Child Mortality in the School Setting; (4) Chronic Health Conditions, Managed by School Nurses; (5) Concussions, The Role of the School Nurse; (6) Coordinated School Health Programs; (7) Corporal Punishment in the School Setting; (8) Delegation; (9) Diabetes Management in the School Setting; (10) Education, Licensure, and Certification of School Nurses; (11) Emergency Preparedness--The Role of the School Nurse; (12) Health Care Reform; (13) Immunizations; (14) Individualized Healthcare Plans; (15) Infectious Disease Management in the School Setting; (16) Medication Administration in the School Setting; (17) Mental Health of Students; (18) Nursing Minimum Data Set for School Nursing Practice; (19) Overweight and Obesity in Youth in Schools--The Role of the School Nurse; (20) Pediculosis Management in the School Setting; (21) Pregnant and Parenting Students--The Role of the School Nurse; (22) Role of the School Nurse; (23) The Role of the School Nurse and School Based Health Centers; (24) School Health Education about Human Sexuality; (25) Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity/Expression (Sexual Minority Students): School Nurse Practice; (26) Standardized Nursing Languages; (27) State School Nurse Consultants; (28) School Nurse Supervision/Evaluation; (29) The Use of Telehealth in Schools; (30) Unlicensed Assistive Personnel--The Role of the School Nurse; and (31) The Use of Volunteers in School Health Services. Issue Briefs include: (1) School Nurse Role in Education School: Nursing Services in Alternative Education Programs; (2) The Responsibilities of the School Nurse: A School Nurse All Day, Every Day; (3) Child Maltreatment, The Role of the School Nurse; (4) Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR); (5) Drug Testing in Schools; (6) Eating Disorders; (7) Emergency Equipment and Supplies in the School Setting; (8) Environmental Health Concerns in the School Setting; (9) Government Relations and Advocacy; (10) Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; (11) School Health Records; (12) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Least Restrictive Environment; (13) School Meal Programs; (14) Privacy Standards for Student Health Records; (15) Reduction in Force; (16) School Sponsored Trips, Role of the School Nurse; (17) School Violence, Role of the School Nurse in Prevention; (18) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; (19) Self-Administration of Rescue Inhalers for Asthma in the School Setting; (20) Service Animals in Schools; (21) Substance Use and Abuse; (22) The Role of the School Nurse in Third Party Reimbursement; (23) Transition Planning for Students with Chronic Health Conditions; and (24) School Vision Screening. The Resolutions and Consensus Statements include: (1) Non-Patient Specific Epinephrine in the School Setting. Board Statement (January 2011); (2) The Use of Restraints or Seclusion in the School Setting; Consensus Statement (August 2009); (3) Safe School Nurse Staffing for Quality School Health Services in Schools. Joint Consensus Statement (May 2012); (4) Resolution: Access to a School Nurse (June 2003); (5) Resolution: Global School Nursing (June 2010); (6) Resolution: Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents (February 2010); and (7) Resolution: Vending Machines and Healthy Food Choices (November 2004). Individual statements, briefs and resolutions contain references.
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that schools should employ professionally prepared Registered Nurses, to conduct and supervise school health programs which address the variety of health problems experienced by school children. NASN recommends a formula-based approach with minimum ratios of nurses-to-students depending on the needs of the student populations as follows: 1:750 for students in the general population, 1:225 in the student populations requiring daily professional school nursing services or interventions, 1:125 in student populations with complex health care needs, and 1:1 may be necessary for individual students who require daily and continuous professional nursing services. Other factors that should be considered in the formula-based approach are number of students on free or reduced lunch, number of students with a medical home, and average number of emergency services per year. [For the complete report, "Position Statements, Issue Briefs, Resolutions and Consensus Statements. Revised," see ED539227.].
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that all children should have the right to coordinated school health programs. NASN supports continued research to document the outcomes of these programs. School nurses should use their professional education and skills to assist their schools and communities in the development, implementation, and evaluation of coordinated school health programs. School nurses should assume a leadership role and collaborate with organizations, institutions and local, state and federal governments to advocate for policies, legislation, and financing for the development, implementation, and evaluation of coordinated school health programs. In particular, improving the school nurse to student ratio is a key component to ensuring that that nation's children have access to coordinated school health programs. (Contains 8 references/resources.) [For the complete report, "Position Statements, Issue Briefs, Resolutions and Consensus Statements. Revised," see ED539227.].
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses that students with chronic health conditions have access to a full-time registered professional school nurse (hereinafter referred to as school nurse). School districts should include school nurse positions in their full-time instructional support personnel to provide health services for all students, including students with chronic health conditions. The school nurse coordinates and conducts assessment, planning, and implementation of individualized health care plans for safe and effective management of students with health conditions during the school day. The school nurse is both the provider of care and the only person qualified to delegate care to an unlicensed care provider as prescribed in state nurse practice laws and regulations and according to Scope and Standards of School Nurse Practice (National Association of School Nurses [NASN] & American Nurses Association [ANA], 2011). [For the complete report, "Position Statements, Issue Briefs, Resolutions and Consensus Statements. Revised," see ED539227.].
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that the safe and effective management of allergies and anaphylaxis in schools requires a collaborative, multidisciplinary team approach. The registered professional school nurse (hereinafter referred to as the school nurse), is the leader in a comprehensive management approach which includes planning and coordination of care, educating staff, providing a safe environment, and ensuring prompt emergency response should exposure to a life-threatening allergen occur. Furthermore, NASN supports, in states where laws and regulations allow, the maintenance of stock non-patient specific epinephrine and physician-standing orders for school nurses to administer epinephrine in life-threatening situations in the school setting. School districts must have a clear, concise, all-inclusive policy in place to address the management of allergies in the school setting that should be reviewed annually (National School Boards Association (NASB), 2010). This policy shall be consistent with federal and state laws, nursing practice standards and established safe practices in accordance with evidence-based information and include development of a developmentally appropriate Individualized Healthcare Plan (IHP) and Emergency Care Plan (ECP). [For the complete report, "Position Statements, Issue Briefs, Resolutions and Consensus Statements. Revised," see ED539227.].
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that quality health care within the school environment can best be attained through the employment of a full-time registered professional school nurse (hereinafter referred to as school nurse) for each school building. The health services needed by students at school continue to evolve in complexity and quantity increasing the need for the advanced knowledge and skills of the school nurse. While volunteers, licensed or unlicensed, may be needed to assist the school nurse, they must never act in the place of the school nurse. [For the complete report, "Position Statements, Issue Briefs, Resolutions and Consensus Statements. Revised," see ED539227.].
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that standardized nursing languages (SNL) are essential communication tools for registered professional school nurses (hereinafter, school nurses) to assist in planning, delivery, and evaluation of quality nursing care. SNL help identify, clarify and document the nature and full scope of quality school nursing practice (i.e., nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes). There are four main reasons that SNL are essential in school nursing documentation. SNL provide a common language, contribute to quality of care, enable continuity of care, and support research (Denehy, 2010). SNL enable communication about the contribution of professional school nursing practice to the health and academic success of students. NASN supports the use of SNL in school nursing practice, electronic health records (EHR), and school nursing education programs. NASN further supports the continued research and development of SNL to advance evidence-based, quality school nursing practice. [For the complete report, "Position Statements, Issue Briefs, Resolutions and Consensus Statements. Revised," see ED539227.].
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) to support the collection of essential nursing data as listed in the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS). The NMDS provides a basic structure to identify the data needed to delineate nursing care delivered to clients as well as relevant characteristics of those clients. Structure and standardization of data is essential for the efficient utilization of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) so that health information is meaningful and can be shared electronically or exchanged across settings and with different health care providers. With the current emphasis on meaningful use of health data contained in EHRs, registered professional school nurses (hereinafter referred to as school nurse) need to be aware of the importance of including school health data in EHRs to participate in the electronic exchange of useful health information with other health care providers to insure continuity and quality of care (Johnson & Bergren, 2011). To accomplish this, EHRs require standardized, meaningful data integrating data sets such as the NMDS. Ongoing evaluation will be needed to determine the usefulness of the NMDS and its ability to capture the data needed to validate the contributions of school nursing services to the health care system or if additional data elements are needed to establish a data set unique to school nursing. [For the complete report, "Position Statements, Issue Briefs, Resolutions and Consensus Statements. Revised," see ED539227.].
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that age-appropriate health education about human sexuality should be included as part of a comprehensive school health education program and be accessible to all students in schools. NASN recognizes the role of parents and families as the primary source of education about sexual health. The registered professional school nurse (hereinafter referred to as school nurse) plays a vital role in the development and implementation of instructional programs that utilize evidence-based strategies to prevent unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. [For the complete report, "Position Statements, Issue Briefs, Resolutions and Consensus Statements. Revised," see ED539227.].
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses that the registered professional school nurse (hereinafter referred to as school nurse) is the only school staff member who has the skills, knowledge base, and statutory authority to fully meet the healthcare needs of students with diabetes in the school setting. Diabetes management in children and adolescents requires complex daily management skills (American Association of Diabetes Educators [AADE], 2008) and health services must be provided to students with diabetes to ensure their safety in the school setting and to meet requirements of federal laws. [For the complete report, "Position Statements, Issue Briefs, Resolutions and Consensus Statements. Revised," see ED539227.].