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Provides information on United States border areas. Reviews the current state of law enforcement's efforts to manage our borders. Discusses the benefits of and obstacles to different proposed solutions to improve border law enforcement.
Robert Sobieszek analyses William S. Burroughs contribution to the world of the visual arts, wherein his visions, conjured in his writings of a fragmented world, are parallelled in cut-up and fold-in collages.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security is responsible for controlling the flow of goods and people across the U.S. border, but compelling methods for producing estimates of the total flow of illicit goods or border crossings do not yet exist. This paper describes four innovative approaches to estimating the total flow of illicit border crossings between ports of entry. Each approach is sufficiently promising to warrant further attention.
This collection concentrates on the story of immigration through ports of entry to the United States other than Ellis Island, including Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Miami, New Orleans, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. The ethnic development of these cities is described.
To mitigate the risks posed by microbial threats of public health significance originating abroad, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) places small groups of staff at major U.S. airports. These staff, their offices, and their patient isolation rooms constitute quarantine stations, which are run by CDC's Division of Global Migration and Quarantine (DGMQ). Congress began to allocate funds in fiscal 2003 for the establishment of new quarantine stations at 17 major U.S. ports of entry that comprise airports, seaports, and land-border crossings. In a significant departure from the recent past, both the preexisting 8 quarantine stations and the new 17 are expected to play an active, anticipatory role in nationwide biosurveillance. Consequently, DGMQ asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene an expert committee to assess the present CDC quarantine stations and recommend how they should evolve to meet the challenges posed by microbial threats at the nation's gateways. DGMQ specifically requested "an assessment of the role of the federal quarantine stations, given the changes in the global environment including large increases in international travel, threats posed by bioterrorism and emerging infections, and the movement of animals and cargo." To conduct this assessment and provide recommendations, IOM convened, in October 2004, the Committee on Measures to Enhance the Effectiveness of the CDC Quarantine Station Expansion Plan for U.S. Ports of Entry. At the sponsor's request, the committee released the interim letter report Human Resources at U.S. Ports of Entry to Protect the Public's Health in January 2005 to provide preliminary suggestions for the priority functions of a modern quarantine station, the competences necessary to carry out those functions, and the types of health professionals who have the requisite competences (Appendix A). This, the committee's final report, assesses the present role of the CDC quarantine stations and articulates a vision of their future role as a public health intervention.
Our Nation relies on the efficient flow of commerce across our border, and it is the job of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to not only facilitate commerce, but to also secure the homeland. To accomplish this mission, sufficient port of entry infrastructure is needed along with robust Customs and Border Protection staffing. CBP's important mission not only keeps America safe, but also ensures tens of thousands of American jobs and billions of dollars in commerce that come into our country through trade with Canada and with Mexico. A significant portion of the trade with Canada, our No. 1 trading partner-actually our Nation's No. 1 trading partner-and Mexico, who is our Nation's No. 2 trading partner, cross nearly 170 land ports of entry every day. Delays and backups caused by old and inadequate infrastructure cost businesses millions of dollars in lost opportunities. As our economy and security requirements grow, our ports of entry must be able to accommodate more trucks, more passengers and cargo, while at the same time allowing people who cross the border each day convenient and secure travel, as well. How CBP and the Federal Government as a whole prioritize the need to expand and to update existing ports while also planning for new ports is neither clear nor transparent.