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This synthesis will be of interest to pavement construction, maintenance, design, and materials engineers; pavement contractors; and others interested in the use of open-graded friction course (OGFC) mixes. It describes the current state of the practice on the use of OGFC mixes, including information regarding design, materials, construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation strategies. Alternative treatments to traditional OGFC are also identified and discussed. Information was collected by surveying U.S. and Canadian transportation agencies and by conducting a literature search to gather additional insight into North American and European practices. This TRB report describes the recent performance of North American OGFC mixes and European porous asphalt by identifying benefits and stress indicators. A new generation of OGFC mixes has evolved over the last 5 years with changes that have been reported to dramatically improve performance. This synthesis describes new materials and design methods being used, as well as the applicability of the new generation of open-graded mixtures to North American use.
This report contains guidelines and recommendations for managing and designing for friction on highway pavements. The contents of this report will be of interest to highway materials, construction, pavement management, safety, design, and research engineers, as well as others concerned with the friction and related surface characteristics of highway pavements.
Sponsored by the Low Impact Development Committee of the Urban Water Resources Research Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE Permeable Pavements is a comprehensive resource for the proper design, construction, and maintenance of permeable pavement systems that provide a transportation surface and a best management practice for stormwater and urban runoff. A cornerstone for low impact development (LID) and sustainable site design, permeable pavements are considered a green infrastructure practice. They offer many environmental benefits, from reduced stormwater runoff and improved water quality to better site design and enhanced safety of paved surfaces. Commonly used for walkways, driveways, patios, and low-volume roadways as well as recreational areas, parking lots, and plazas, permeable pavements are appropriate for many different land uses, particularly in highly urbanized locations. This volume synthesizes today's knowledge of the technology, drawing from academia, industry, and the engineering and science communities. It presents an overview of typical permeable pavement systems and reviews the design considerations. Detailed design, construction, use, and performance information is provided for porous asphalt, pervious concrete, permeable interlocking concrete pavement, and grid pavements. Fact sheets and checklists help to successfully incorporate permeable pavement systems into design projects. Additional chapters summarize emerging technologies, maintenance considerations, hydrologic design approaches, key components for specification writing, and key areas for additional research. Appendixes include a fact sheet clarifying information on common concerns, as well as data tables summarizing water quality treatment performance and costs. Permeable Pavements is an essential reference for engineers, planners, landscape architects, municipalities, transportation agencies, regulatory agencies, and property owners planning to implement this best management practice for stormwater and urban runoff.
Hydroplaning is the loss of traction between tire and pavement due to the presence of a layer of water. This loss of traction can result in loss of vehicle control. A porous friction surface (PFS) applied over an existing pavement permits the water to drain laterally and vertically away from the tire path, effectively lowering hydroplaning potential. Equipment used to measure pavement drainage (permeability) is discussed with respect to usage on porous friction surface. Background information on hydroplaning, flow theory, and PFS field performance as they are affected by permeability are also presented. Pavement permeability equipment is divided into two groups: static test devices and dynamic test devices. Static test devices measure pavement permeability up to the hydrodynamic pressure range. Dynamic test devices measure pavement permeability in the hydrodynamic pressure range. Two dynamic test devices and four static devices are considered for measuring PFS permeability. Permeability tests are recommended to measure PFS permeability for maintenance purposes and construction control. Dynamic devices cited in this report could possibly estimate hydroplaning potential; further research must be done to determine this. Permeability devices cannot be used to accurately estimate friction of a pavement surface, however, decreased permeability of a pavement infers a decrease in friction. A static test device, is recommended to measure PFS permeability.