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This report presents a cost analysis of Polycarbonate (PC) production from bisphenol A (BPA) and diphenyl carbonate. The process examined is a typical melt process. This process is based on the transesterification reaction of BPA with diphenyl carbonate to produce Polycarbonate. During the reaction, phenol is removed and obtained as a by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Polycarbonates", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Thermoplastic Polymer, Polycondensation, SABIC, Mitsubishi, Asahi
This report presents a cost analysis of Polycarbonate (PC) production from bisphenol A (BPA) and diphenyl carbonate. The process examined is a typical melt process. This process is based on the transesterification reaction of BPA with diphenyl carbonate to produce Polycarbonate. During the reaction, phenol is removed and obtained as a by-product. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Polycarbonates", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Thermoplastic Polymer, Polycondensation, SABIC, Mitsubishi, Asahi
This book covers both basic scientific and clinically relevant aspects of dental composite materials with a view to meeting the needs of researchers and practitioners. Following an introduction on their development, the composition of contemporary composites is analyzed. A chapter on polymerization explains the setting reactions and light sources available for light-cured composites. The quality of monomer-to-polymer conversion is a key factor for material properties. Polymerization shrinkage along with the associated stress remains among the most challenging issues regarding composite restorations. A new classification of dental composites is proposed to offer more clinically relevant ways of differentiating between commercially available materials. A review of specific types of composites provides an insight into their key issues. The potential biological issues of dental composites are reviewed in chapters on elution of leachable substances and cariogenicity of resin monomers. Clinical sections focus on material placement, finishing procedures, and the esthetics and clinical longevity of composite restorations. Bonding to tooth tissues is addressed in a separate chapter, as is the efficiency of various composite repair methods. The final chapter discusses future perspectives on dental composite materials.
Thinking Like an Engineer: An Active Learning Approach, 2e, is specifically designed to utilize an active learning environment for first year engineering courses. In-class activities include collaborative problem-solving, computer-based activities, and hands-on experiments, encouraging guided inquiry. Homework assignments and review sections reinforce and expand on the activities. Content can be customized to match the topic organization in your course syllabi. Paired with Pearson's new MyEngineeringLab , Thinking Like an Engineer, 2e, is a complete digital solution for your first year engineering course. MyEngineeringLab offers students customized, self-paced learning with instant feedback. Students will be prepared ahead of class, allowing you to spend class time focusing on active learning. Subscriptions to MyEngineeringLab are available to purchase online or packaged with your textbook (unique ISBN). Use the following ISBNs to purchase MyEngineeringLab: Thinking Like an Engineer, 2e & MyEngineeringLab with Pearson eText Student Access Code Card for Thinking Like an Engineer, 2e ISBN: 0132981386 This package includes the Thinking Like an Engineer, 2e textbook, an access card for MyEngineeringLab, and a Pearson eText Student Access Code Card for Thinking Like an Engineer, 2e. MyEngineeringLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card -- for Thinking Like an Engineer, 2e ISBN: 0132766744 This stand-alone access card package contains an access code for MyEngineeringLab, and a Pearson eText student access code card for Thinking Like an Engineer, 2e eText.
This book covers a topic of considerable current interest and presents many of the most significant research findings available to date. Workers at the forefront of research on hormone replacement therapy and the implications for the risk of breast cancer were invited to attend a special Conference at the Royal Society of Medicine in London in September, 1991, where the latest data were presented to a distinguished audience and the implications of this research were discussed. The volume reviews various aspects of HRT and breast cancer, the physiology of the menopause, the current use of HRT in practice, osteoporosis and epidemiology and presents results from a range of European, American and Australian studies on the role of breast cancer and HRT, finishing with an overview of benefits, use and cost-effectiveness and a general summary. The book represents a definitive statement of current knowledge in this field and an informative update on the implications of recent research. It will be a valuable addition of special significance to the libraries of all those concerned with hormone replacement therapy and the study of breast cancer.
This report presents a cost analysis of Polycarbonate (PC) production from bisphenol A (BPA) and ethylene oxide. The process examined is a typical melt process. In this process, Polycarbonate production is based on the transesterification reaction of BPA with diphenyl carbonate (DPC). The Polycarbonate plant is integrated upstream with a plant for DPC production from ethylene oxide, which also generates ethylene glycol as a by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Polycarbonates", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Thermoplastic Polymer, Polycondensation, SABIC, Mitsubishi, Asahi Kasei
This report presents a cost analysis of Polycarbonate (PC) production from bisphenol A (BPA) and phosgene. The process examined is a typical interfacial process. In this process, BPA, dissolved in an aqueous solution, is reacted with phosgene, in an organic solution, at the interface of the two-phase mixture. The carbonate oligomers produced are then polycondensed to Polycarbonate resin. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Polycarbonates", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Thermoplastic Polymer, Interfacial Polymerization, Polycondensation
This report presents a cost analysis of Polycarbonate (PC) production from bisphenol A (BPA), phenol and methanol. The process examined is a typical melt process. In this process, the Polycarbonate plant is integrated with a plant for diphenyl carbonate (DPC) production from phenol and methanol. The process is based on the transesterification reaction of BPA with diphenyl carbonate to produce Polycarbonate. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Thermoplastic Polymer, Polycondensation, SABIC, Mitsubishi, Asahi
This report presents a cost analysis of Polycarbonate (PC) production from bisphenol A (BPA), phenol and phosgene. The process examined is a typical melt process. In this process, the Polycarbonate plant is integrated with a plant for diphenyl carbonate (DPC) production from phenol and phosgene. The process is based on the transesterification reaction of BPA with diphenyl carbonate to produce Polycarbonate. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Thermoplastic Polymer, Polycondensation, SABIC, Mitsubishi, Asahi
This report presents a cost analysis of Polycarbonate (PC) production from phenol, acetone, and methanol. The process examined is a typical melt process. In this process, the Polycarbonate plant is integrated with a plant for bisphenol A (BPA) production from phenol and acetone and a plant for diphenyl carbonate (DPC) production from phenol and methanol. The process is based on the transesterification reaction of BPA with diphenyl carbonate to produce Polycarbonate. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Thermoplastic Polymer, Polycondensation, SABIC, Mitsubishi, Asahi