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At the height of the race to build an atomic bomb, an indoor tennis court in one of the Midwest's most affluent residential neighborhoods became a secret Manhattan Project laboratory. Polonium in the Playhouse: The Manhattan Project's Secret Chemistry Work in Dayton, Ohio presents the intriguing story of how this most unlikely site in Dayton, Ohio, became one of the most classified portions of the Manhattan Project. Seized by the War Department in 1944 for the bomb project, the Runnymede Playhouse was transformed into a polonium processing facility, providing a critical radioactive ingredient for the bomb initiator--the mechanism that triggered a chain reaction. With the help of a Soviet spy working undercover at the site, it was also key to the Soviet Union's atomic bomb program. The work was directed by industrial chemist Charles Allen Thomas who had been chosen by J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves to coordinate Manhattan Project chemistry and metallurgy. As one of the nation's first science administrators, Thomas was responsible for choreographing the plutonium work at Los Alamos and the Project's key laboratories. The elegant glass-roofed building belonged to his wife's family. Weaving Manhattan Project history with the life and work of the scientist, industrial leader and singing-showman Thomas, Polonium in the Playhouse offers a fascinating look at the vast and complicated program that changed world history and introduces the men and women who raced against time to build the initiator for the bomb.
This book describes hazards from radon progeny and other alpha-emitters that humans may inhale or ingest from their environment. In their analysis, the authors summarize in one document clinical and epidemiological evidence, the results of animal studies, research on alpha-particle damage at the cellular level, metabolic pathways for internal alpha-emitters, dosimetry and microdosimetry of radionuclides deposited in specific tissues, and the chemical toxicity of some low-specific-activity alpha-emitters. Techniques for estimating the risks to humans posed by radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters are offered, along with a discussion of formulas, models, methods, and the level of uncertainty inherent in the risk estimates.
The first reports seemed absurd. A Russian dissident, formerly an employee of the KGB and its successor, the FSB, had seemingly been poisoned in a London hotel. As Alexander Litvinenko's condition worsened, however, and he was transferred to hospital and placed under armed guard, the story took a sinister turn. On 23 November 2006, Litvinenko died, apparently from polonium-210 radiation poisoning. He himself, in a dramatic statement from his deathbed, accused his former employers at the Kremlin of being responsible for his murder. Who was Alexander Litvinenko? What had happened in Russia since the end of the Cold War to make his life there untenable, and even in severe jeopardy in Britain? How did he really die, and who killed him? In his spokesman and close friend, Alex Goldfarb, and widow Marina, we have two people who know more than anyone about the real Sasha Litvinenko, and about his murder. Their riveting book sheds astonishing light not just on these strange and troubling events but also on the biggest crisis in relations with Russia since the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Endlich ein Fachbuch, das die Theorie, Methoden und die verschiedenen Arten von Metall-Ionen-Komplexen in Wasser (Hydrolyse) umfassend behandelt. Geschrieben wurde dieses Referenzwerk von einem Kernchemiker aus dem Hochschulbereich und einem Geochemiker aus der Industrie. Behandelt werden Kationen- und Anionen-Komplexe sowie die Metall-Ionen-Hydrolyse, zu der zunächst Hintergrundinformationen geliefert werden, bevor eine Beschreibung der Dissoziation von Wasser, aller verschiedenen Hydrolysekomplexe und Verbindungen von Metall und Wasser folgt. Ein Muss für Wissenschaftler im universitären Umfeld und in der Industrie, die sich mit diesem interdisziplinären Thema beschäftigen.
Polonium-210 is an alpha emitting radionuclide with no radioactive progeny and produces only very-low-intensity gamma rays at very low abundance. This means doses largely arise from internal exposure. In addition to the relatively high ingestion does coefficient of 210Po, radionuclide transfer in the environment results in high activity concentrations in certain foods. This publication focuses on radionuclide transfers in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments, and provides information on key transfer processes, concepts and models--back cover.
The Aqueous Chemistry of Polonium and the Practical Application of its Thermochemistry provides a thermochemical database and derived pH-potential diagrams to give readers a better understanding of polonium behavior. The book provides an introduction to polonium and its physical and chemical properties, as well as a detailed overview of polonium's chemical thermodynamics. Drawing on the knowledge of expert authors, the book provides key insights for those working with polonium across a range of different fields, from mining industry professionals and analytical chemists, to environmental remediation scientists. - Provides a unique and detailed review of polonium chemistry - Presents pH-potential diagrams for polonium and case studies showing their use in practice - Reviews the practical use of polonium in a range of different applications