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Analyses the economic and political history of Madagascar from independence to the early twenty-first century.
Political Oratory and Cartooning An Ethnography of Democratic Processes in Madagascar “Insightful, detailed, and substantial, this book has much to say to students of language and followers of politics, not to mention those of us passionate about both and how they interact.” Virginia R. Dominguez, Gutgsell Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign “Why don’t more people write books like this? Jennifer Jackson’s brilliant insights on Malagasy cartooning, oratory, and political culture are not only a breath of fresh air for the anthropological study of political language, but a genuinely creative contribution to the study of global democracy.” David Graeber, Goldsmiths, University of London Called kabary in the island nation of Madagascar, political oratory jostles with political cartoon satire in competing for public attention and shaping opinion. The apparent simplicity of these modes of political commentary conceals nuanced subtleties, which inform the constantly evolving landscape of politics. Linguistic anthropologist Jennifer Jackson offers an original semiotic analysis of the formative social role played by these narratives in Madagascar’s polity. Though political orators and cartoonists rarely come face to face, their linguistic skirmishing both reflects and informs the political process, deploying rhetorical devices that have significant impacts on the vernacular political culture, its language and publics. This new ethnography examines the dynamic interplay between past and new forms of oratory and satire and their effects in social, religious, class, and transnational contexts. Jackson assesses how far they mirror the vicissitudes of political agency and authority, especially under the leadership of President Marc Ravalomanana. The author shows how democracy must be understood as historically contingent, bound in a local and global accretion of social and economic relations, and always mediated by language.
Madagascar’s constitution of August 19, 1992 brought hope to a population exhausted by economic failures associated with a failed experiment in scientific socialism and years of mismanagement. The repetition of transparent elections and the promulgation of “good governance” in the years that followed appeared to serve as an indicator of institutional strengthening and, by extension, progress. Unfortunately, a broader institutional analysis points toward a series of shocks to the political system by way of legal, but highly detrimental, juridical and constitutional shifts to the system. These shocks were meant to serve particularized political networks with long clientalistic roots and were made possible by the narrow vision of institutionalism that did not take careful stock of those networks or the leaders at the top of them. Little effort was made to look beyond a legislature brought in by careful elections but producing legislation serving individuals, the ways in which inchoate political parties distort institutional outcomes and the potential for institutionalization, the weakness of civil society to offer opportunities for popular engagement, or the use of donor-funded decentralization programs to build ministries that served as powerful and rapid proxies for leadership centralization. By the time the celebrated president, Marc Ravalomanana, was overthrown in March 2009 it became clear that there were few opportunities to seed political opposition and such limited space between individual leaders and primary institutions of public management that critical state functions immediately began to unravel. In this book the author considers the institutions of the Third Republic, how they formed, and why they looked like models for democratic change before turning to consider how the institutions themselves have been manipulated in plain sight by leaders looking to champion their own networks. He concludes that the rise of the Fourth Republic in 2010 did little to address these underlying concerns and argues that a new agenda is in order to consider not just the way in which institutions form, but the way in which networks of power, and leaders at the top of those networks, grow and change malleable institutions in young democracies with few avenues of accountability.
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Political Profile of Madagascar Nation History. Madagascar History Book, about governance and democracy practice, this Book has the entire information on Madagascar history and political governance. Madagascar continued its progress toward democratic consolidation in 2015. Competitive elections for local government positions in July and the Senate in December completed the return to democratic government after Andry Rajoelina's 2009 military-backed coup. The National Assembly voted to impeach President Hery Rajaonarimampianina in May 2015, citing his failure to uphold the constitution, but a court ruling struck down the attempt. Madagascar launched the "Fahalemana 2015" operation in August 2015 to combat widespread insecurity in the south from organized groups of cattle thieves. The state has only nominal control over the south of the country, where local security forces are often viewed to be complacent or cooperative with armed groups. Eight members of the army were killed in an ambush in August 2015. Human rights groups have highlighted security forces' abuses of citizens, including summary executions
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 36. Chapters: Elections in Madagascar, Energy in Madagascar, Foreign relations of Madagascar, Human rights in Madagascar, Malagasy politicians, Political parties in Madagascar, Referendums in Madagascar, 2009 Malagasy political crisis, Malagasy parliamentary election, 2007, Malagasy presidential election, 2006, Malagasy constitutional referendum, 2010, Human trafficking in Madagascar, Jacques Rabemananjara, Prime Minister of Madagascar, Jean Ralaimongo, Albert Sylla, Ny Hasina Andriamanjato, List of Malagasy monarchs, Malagasy presidential election, 1996, Malagasy constitutional referendum, 2007, Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery, Cecile Manorohanta, Malagasy presidential election, 2011, Judged By Your Work Party, Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar, Benja Razafimahaleo, List of political parties in Madagascar, Malagasy parliamentary election, 1993, Malagasy parliamentary election, 2011, Malagasy presidential election, 1992-1993, Marcel Ranjeva, Malagasy presidential election, 2001, Tiako I Madagasikara, Mamy Ranaivoniarivo, Malagasy parliamentary election, 1983, Malagasy parliamentary election, 1998, Movement for the Progress of Madagascar, List of diplomatic missions in Madagascar, Lila Ratsifandrihamanana, Congress Party for the Independence of Madagascar, Malagasy Communist Party, Malagasy parliamentary election, 1989, LGBT rights in Madagascar, Malagasy parliamentary election, 1977, Malagasy constitutional referendum, 1975, Malagasy parliamentary election, 2002, List of Presidents of the National Assembly of Madagascar, Communist Party of the Region of Madagascar, High Transitional Authority, Malagasy presidential election, 1972, OMNIS, Malagasy presidential election, 1989, United Nations Security Council Resolution 140, Malagasy parliamentary election, 1965, Malagasy parliamentary...
Madagascar Politics and Governance, A History. Madagascar History Book, about governance and democracy practice, this Book has the entire information on Madagascar history and political governance. Madagascar continued its progress toward democratic consolidation in 2015. Competitive elections for local government positions in July and the Senate in December completed the return to democratic government after Andry Rajoelina's 2009 military-backed coup. The National Assembly voted to impeach President Hery Rajaonarimampianina in May 2015, citing his failure to uphold the constitution, but a court ruling struck down the attempt. Madagascar launched the "Fahalemana 2015" operation in August 2015 to combat widespread insecurity in the south from organized groups of cattle thieves. The state has only nominal control over the south of the country, where local security forces are often viewed to be complacent or cooperative with armed groups. Eight members of the army were killed in an ambush in August 2015. Human rights groups have highlighted security forces' abuses of citizens, including summary executions
The world's fourth largest island, with a unique biological and physical endowment, Madagascar is home to an extraordinary insular civilization that has struggled for more than a century against external domination. In this sensitive introduction to the Indian Ocean's "great island," Philip Allen shows how family affinities and community loyalties at the foundation of Madagascar's culture have influenced Malagasy nationalism and forged islandwide traditions. These same principles have nonetheless engendered social cleavages and resistance to economic and political change. In chapters on modern Madagascar, Allen analyzes the inability of a series of regimes to maintain authority among a people deeply bound to rituals of communication with their spiritual environment. He demonstrates how the first Malagasy Republic became stigmatized by its lingering identification with French colonialism and how the nationalist revolution in 1972 soon hardened into autocratic radicalism. Allen explores the complex challenges facing Madagascar's resurgent democratic forces–including a need to conserve the island's irreplaceable biodiversity and to facilitate authentic participation in public affairs without offending ancestral customs and local precedents. Finally, he discusses efforts to end Madagascar's economic and political dependence and to improve living conditions for its tragically impoverished population.
This book explores how environmental policies are made and enforced in Africa. Specifically, this project explains the gap between intent and impact of forest policies, focusing on three African societies facing persistent deforestation today: Madagascar, Tanzania, and Uganda. The central claim of the study is that deforestation persists because conservation policies and projects, which are largely underwritten by foreign donors, consistently ignore the fact that conservation is possible only under limited and specific conditions. To make the case, the author examines how decision-making power is negotiated and exercised where communities make environmental decisions daily (local level) and where environmental policies are negotiated and enacted (national level) across three distinct African political systems.