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En lo que respecta a los indicadores de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTI) el Perú se encuentra muy por debajo de países con ingresos similares. El documento ha identificado los siguientes problemas clave: (i) la poca productividad total de factores (PTF) en los últimos 15 años; (ii) las políticas de CTI generalmente no guardan congruencia con las políticas sectoriales; (iii) hay pocos instrumentos de política que promuevan la transferencia tecnológica en las empresas; (iv) débil vinculación entre los distintos actores del sistema de innovación; (v) una muy limitada dotación de recursos en las entidades públicas encargadas de la formulación y ejecución de políticas CTI; (vi) poca capacidad para gestionar el conocimiento en las instituciones del Estado; (vii) falta de acceso a bases de datos que permitan establecer relaciones entre innovación y productividad; (viii) falta de valoración de la CTI en los políticos, funcionarios públicos, empresas y público en general. Sobre estos, se establecerán lineamientos de política.
This book examines the implementation of science, technology and innovation (STI) policy in eight Latin American countries and the different paths these policies have taken. It provides empirical evidence to examine the extent to which STI policies are contributing to the development of the region, as well as to the solution of market failures and the stimulus of the region’s innovation systems. Since the pioneering work of Solow (1957), it has been recognized that innovation is critical for economic growth both in developed and in less-developed countries. Unfortunately Latin America lags behind world trends, and although over the last 20 years the region has established a more stable and certain macroeconomic regime, it is also clear that these changes have not been enough to trigger a process of innovation and productivity to catch-up. Against this rather grim scenario there is some optimism emerging throughout the region. After many years of inaction the region has begun to invest in science, technology and engineering once again. Furthermore, after many changes in innovation policy frameworks, there is now an emerging consensus on the need for a solution to coordination failures that hinder the interaction between supply and demand. Offering an informative and analytic insight into STI policymaking within Latin America, this book can be used by students, researchers and practitioners who are interested in the design and implementation of innovation policies. This book also intends to encourage discussion and collaboration amongst current policy makers within the region.
This volume explores the governance and management of science, technology, and innovation (STI) in relation to innovation policy and governance systems, highlighting its goal, challenges, and opportunities. Divided into two sections, it addresses the role of governments in promoting innovation in Latin-American contexts as well as barriers and opportunities for STI governance in the region. The chapters tackle the role of institutions, innovation funding, technological trajectories, regional innovation policies, innovation ecosystems, universities, knowledge appropriation, and markets. Researchers and scholars will find an opportunity to grasp a better understanding of innovation policies in emerging economies. This interdisciplinary work presents original research on science, technology and innovation policy and governance studies in an understudied region.