Download Free Political Empowerment Of Women And Their Participation In Legislation A Case Study Of Pakistan 2000 2013 Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Political Empowerment Of Women And Their Participation In Legislation A Case Study Of Pakistan 2000 2013 and write the review.

Case Study from the year 2014 in the subject Politics - Region: South Asia, , course: PhD, language: English, abstract: The importance of political empowerment, political participation and mobilization of women in the Democratic Government are much realized in the world and in Pakistan. Women are more than 50% part of the Pakistan’s population that is not being utilized in the national development due to social norms, their low skill, less education and less empowerment in the arena of politics. Any democratic system cannot be successful with just 50% of the population while the other 50% is marginalized. The traditional norms about women's activities as noted by different theorists have been remained generation to generation unquestioningly. The general statement in Pakistan is that the political activities belong to the "Public Sphere" and women by nature belong to the “Private Sphere” and “Politics” is something unfamiliar to their nature. This study will explore the underlying restrictions which have hampered the growth of equal opportunities for women to play their role as an active agent of society.
The democratic government should be representative of the population. LGO 2001 brought a space for the marginalized community including women and minority in the local government system. A 33% quota was fixed for women political participation. To enable women to participate in politics with full of their capacity, civil society organization launched capacity building services for women. The present research aims at finding out impact of women political participation and their capacity building on their role performance in public and private sphere. The triangulation approach using case study and survey method was applied for conducting research on women councilors in district Muzaffargarh. A total of 100 women councilors were taken into the sample frame using Multi Stage Cluster Sampling and Systematic Random Sampling. The subjects for case study were selected through purposive sampling. It concludes that with political participation, women have achieved better status at household and society level and the training has improved role performance of women councilors.
Indian democracy is more than 50 years old low yet ideals of democracy are far from destination specially for women in India. Women play a marginal role in politics. Their political participation is almost invisible, however, importance of women s political participation for a viable democratic polity is being increasing realized in all the corners of the world, women section of society almost form help of the population in any country and to think of a democratic government without their participation is unthinkable. To empower them socially, economically, educationally and politically will require there decision making capabilities. The present study has been conducted in the regional context of composite Bihar. The study seriously examines and analyses that how with lowest female literacy, poverty, poor health, socio-economic and educational status, women of Bihar can play a vital role in state and national politics. The quality of the study have been also examine at all India level and the results are stunning. The study will be of great value to political students, research school are in particular and to all who have interest in women empowerment and their political participation.
Pakistan's democracy is still rather new. In 2000, General Pervez Musharraf promulgated Local Government Ordinance 2000, which introduced 33 percent gender quotas for women in the local government. On April 8, 2010, under the 18th amendment to the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the provincial governments were empowered to introduce local government reforms independently and per their needs and contexts. Thus, the provincial assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) passed Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013 on October 31, 2013. Local elections were subsequently held on May 30, 2015. Many women joined the local government as councilors in KP. At the same time, Pashtun society in KP follows a set of informal institutions called Pakhtunwali that may affect women councilors’ substantive representation and civic participation in local democratic processes. The aim of the study is to assess women councilors’ substantive representation as a process and their civic participation in local democracy in the three selected districts (Peshawar, Mardan, and Swat) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study tests a total of five hypotheses on the interaction between formal and informal institutions and its impact on women substantive representation and civic participation. Furthermore, the independent variables of political parties, civil society, and the media are also hypothesized to assess their effects on the dependent variables. The study uses a case study approach. Triangulation is applied for confidence and verification purposes. The primary research methods used are qualitative individual in depth interviews and observation. A total of 63 individual interviews, 60-90 minutes per session (one session per participant) are conducted with respondents. The study participants include female and male councilors from 12 local councils of the three selected districts. Furthermore, experts (academics), civil society activists, and journalists also make a part of the interview respondents. Additionally, two newspapers are selected to collect news items from to do content analysis. The research methods of narrative review, content analysis, and statistical analysis are also used to enhance the internal validity of the research.
Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Public International Law and Human Rights, grade: 2.9, course: Master of Population, Gender and Development, language: English, abstract: Politics is viewed as the centre of concern in every sector. When talking about women empowerment, their political empowerment is key. This study was carried out to identify the status of political participation of women in Pokhara Lekhnath Metropolitan City, Kaski district, Nepal. The findings presented in this dissertation is based on information collected through scheduled questionnaires with the candidates of the last local election using purposive sampling method of sampling. Also a Key Informant Interview (KII) and Case Study was also done in the process. Social, economic and educational level of respondent along with their challenges in politics has been analyzed collecting information through primary and secondary sources. Lack of educational qualification, intra party discrimination of women, family barrier, and lack of will power seems some of the factors causing underrepresentation in politics despite attractive provision in constitution. From the finding of the study it is suggested that women should be given educational opportunities, freedom from household work, support from partner, strengthening women organization to louder their voice and proper implementation of formulated plan and polices are the some ways that can increase the qualitative and quantitative aspects of women political participation. This study was carried out to identify the status of political participation of women in Pokhara Lekhnath Metropolitan City, Kaski district, Nepal. Key words: Women, Inclusion, Participation, Empowerment, Discrimination
This research paper divided into two sections, as following: Section - A: This section at secondary sources of data, examines the extent of participation of women in various elections held to the parliament, state legislatures and as well as grass root level in India as the voters and contestants. It focuses on the participation of women in the working of these institutions. It also examines the various emerging trends in respect of the participation of women in the electoral politics as well as in the working of legislative bodies. Section - B: In this section, it has been sought to examine political participation of women at grass roots level on primary data in the Bhagpat district in Western Uttar Pradesh. Main characteristics of women local leaders and respondents at micro level have been described. Further, role perception of women leaders has been examined intensively, and linkages between grass roots level politics and other factors have also been investigated with the help of primary data collected for this purpose. It may be stated that grass roots politics is confined to rural sector in the study area. The rural elites, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, and views on various critical issues have been mainly determined by their social upbringing and economic background.
Despite recent advances in important aspects of the lives of girls and women, pervasive challenges remain. These challenges reflect widespread deprivations and constraints and include epidemic levels of gender-based violence and discriminatory laws and norms that prevent women from owning property, being educated, and making meaningful decisions about their own lives--such as whether and when to marry or have children. These often violate their most basic rights and are magnified and multiplied by poverty and lack of education. This groundbreaking book distills vast data and hundreds of studies to shed new light on deprivations and constraints facing the voice and agency of women and girls worldwide, and on the associated costs for individuals, families, communities, and global development. The volume presents major new findings about the patterns of constraints and overlapping deprivations and focuses on several areas key to women s empowerment: freedom from violence, sexual and reproductive health and rights, ownership of land and housing, and voice and collective action. It highlights promising reforms and interventions from around the world and lays out an urgent agenda for governments, civil society, development agencies, and other stakeholders, including a call for greater investment in data and knowledge to benchmark progress.
Though Pakistan has made progress toward achieving its education, gender equity, and health Millennium Goals, it is unlikely to reach 2015 targets. In general, achievements were lower in rural areas and in lower-income households. Pakistani girls still have lower enrollment in primary and secondary schools, and do not perform as well as boys on tests. Adult female literacy varies widely by province. Women continue to face many forms of gender-based violence, and often are restricted from leaving their homes. While employment rates among women have doubled in the last decade, women are more likely to be unemployed than men, and lack access to finance or assets.
Religion and spirituality are still among the most common motivations for travel - many major tourism destinations have developed largely as a result of their connections to sacred people, places and events. Providing a comprehensive assessment of the primary issues and concepts related to this intersection of tourism and religion, this revealing book gives a balanced discussion of both the theoretical and applied subjects that destination planners, religious organizations, scholars, and tourism service providers must deal with on a daily basis. Bringing together a distinguished list of contributors, this volume takes a global approach and incorporates substantial empirical cases from Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Mormonism, New Ageism, Sikhism, Buddhism, and the spiritual philosophies of East Asia. On a conceptual level, it considers, amongst other topics: contested heritage the pilgrim-tourist dichotomy secularization of pilgrimage experiences religious humanism educational aspects of religious tourism commodification of religious icons and services. A vibrant collection of essays, this outstanding book discusses many important practices, paradigms, and problems that are currently being examined and debated. It raises an array of significant and interesting questions and as such is a valuable resource for students, scholars and researchers of tourism, religion and cultural studies.
Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.