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Using 1960-1988 cumulative survey data from the National Election Study, this research explores the major sources of the changes in political alienation and voting turnout. The study identifies four basic dimensions of political alienation; uses regression and algebraic decomposition methods to examine the increases in alienation and decline in voter turnout; probes the relationship between the two; and examines the sources for the decline in turnout.
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO examined: (1) why voter turnout in the United States was low compared to other democracies; (2) why U.S. voter turnout has been declining since 1960; and (3) what election procedures and informational activities were associated with higher levels of voter participation. GAO found that: (1) comparatively low American voter turnout was not the consequence of political alienation, but international differences in the characteristics of political parties and election procedures; (2) U.S. political parties were not closely linked with specific interest groups and social categories, as in other countries, and consequently election results did not make a difference in the lives of individual voters; (3) the absence of penalties for not voting and the fact that citizens must assume the responsibility of registering to vote were other explanations given for comparatively low U.S. voter turnout; (4) turnout differences between states resulted from demographic composition of the electorate and different electoral rules; (5) all-mail ballot elections led to a 20- to 40-percent point increase in turnout and cost 32 percent less than conventional elections; (6) voter information activities did not generally increase voter turnout and low-turnout states were more likely to run such campaigns than high-turnout states; (7) states that mailed information to households, provided toll-free phone numbers for voters, and held mock elections in high schools experienced a substantially lower decline in voter turnout between 1980 and 1988; (8) making registration convenient and holding information campaigns stressing how to register and vote were especially effective in increasing turnout; and (9) voter information campaigns stressing civic duty, transporting voters to the polls, operating child care centers, and telephoning voters were not effective.
We live in a world governed by states whose enduring importance and domination of contemporary politics has been strikingly underlined by their renewed activism in the face of a global economic crisis. Yet the very nature of states remains deeply contested, with a range of competing theories offering very different views of how they actually do or should operate. In the past this competition has lead to deep ideological conflict – and even to war. In this major new work, John S. Dryzek and Patrick Dunleavy provide a broad-ranging assessment of classical and contemporary theories of the state, focusing primarily on the democratic state form that has come to dominate modern politics. The authors' starting point is the classical theories of the state: pluralism, elite theory, Marxism and market liberalism. They then turn to the contemporary forms of pluralism prevalent in political science, systematically exploring how they address central issues, such as networked governance, globalization, and changing patterns of electoral and identity politics. They proceed to analyse a range of key contemporary critiques of modern states and democracy that have emerged from feminism, environmentalism, neo-conservatism and post-modernism. Each approach is carefully introduced and analysed as far as possible in relation to a common set of issues and headings. Theories of the Democratic State takes the reader straight to the heart of contemporary issues and debates and, in the process, provides a challenging and distinctive introduction to and reassessment of contemporary political science.
The CQ Press Guide to U.S. Elections is a comprehensive, two-volume reference providing information on the U.S. electoral process, in-depth analysis on specific political eras and issues, and everything in between. Thoroughly revised and infused with new data, analysis, and discussion of issues relating to elections through 2014, the Guide will include chapters on: Analysis of the campaigns for presidency, from the primaries through the general election Data on the candidates, winners/losers, and election returns Details on congressional and gubernatorial contests supplemented with vast historical data. Key Features include: Tables, boxes and figures interspersed throughout each chapter Data on campaigns, election methods, and results Complete lists of House and Senate leaders Links to election-related websites A guide to party abbreviations
Jamieson and Cappella examine how the media cover political campaigns and significant legislation. They conclude that by focusing on the game rather than the substance the media are engendering cynicism amongst the general public.
Proceedings of the Conference on Integrating Social Sciences & Ecosystem Management held in 1995. The overall purpose was to improve understanding, integration, & research applications of the human dimension of ecosystem management. The goals were to: (1) discuss the state of knowledge of social sciences relevant to ecosystem management, (2) discuss how to integrate this knowledge with ecosystem management (along with the physical & biological sciences), (3) develop a strategy to effectively integrate social sciences with ecosystem management, & (4) identify a research agenda to further knowledge in the area. Illustrated.