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State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play significant roles in developing economies in Asia and SOE performance remains crucial for economy-wide productivity and growth. This book looks at SOEs in Azerbaijan, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, and Viet Nam, which together present a panoramic view of SOEs in the region. It also presents insights from the Republic of Korea on the evolving role of the public sector in various stages of development. It explores corporate governance challenges and how governments could reform SOEs to make them efficient drivers of the long-term productivity-induced growth essential to Asia's transition to high-income status.
Reforms challenge the status quo, often threatening those with a stake in the current system, even if the status quo is unsustainable. Institutions also need the capacity to implement and sustain reforms to meet expectations from change. The political and institutional changes resulting from reforms have to be managed until the success of the reforms becomes apparent. The Asian Development Bank, for more than 2 decades of supporting reforms, has found that no blueprint for success exists; however, there are clues as to what may work, and how the reform process can be better managed. The book aims to help those involved in the policy reform process to understand the political economy factors that influence the change process and of the assistance to support reforms.
The SME Policy Index is a benchmarking tool for emerging economies to monitor and evaluate progress in policies that support small and medium-sized enterprises.
Energy efficiency is often defined as delivered energy service per unit of energy supplied into a system. Supply-side energy efficiency refers to decreasing energy losses in the supply chain, for improved performance in the production and delivery of electricity and heat. Demand- side energy efficiency (DSEE) is achieved through consuming less energy for the same level of service, for improved efficiencies at the point of final energy use. DSEE, in particular, offers vast potential to meet regional energy needs in Asia, yet supply-side strategies tend to be prioritized as a focus of investment and planning. Over the past decade, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has succeeded in quickly scaling up its investment in energy efficiency and the development of renewable resources within its developing member countries through ADB’s Clean Energy Program. This report examines prospects to accelerate lending and investment for DSEE in Asia, in light of trends that are driving energy use and policy and regulatory change in developing countries. Such efforts can help realize the full potential of DSEE as a least-cost, low-carbon resource for energy security, environmental protection, and sustainable and inclusive growth benefiting all Asians.
This handbook provides a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics and prospects of democratization in East Asia. A team of leading experts in the field offers discussion at both the country and regional level, including analysis of democratic attitudes and movements in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Evaluating all the key components of regime evolution, from citizen politics to democratic institutions, the sections covered include: • Regional Trends and Country Overviews • Institutions, Elections, and Political Parties • Democratic Citizenship • Democratic Governance • The Political Economy of Democratization Examining the challenges that East Asian emerging democracies still face today, as well as the prospects of the region's authoritarian regimes, the Routledge Handbook of Democratization in East Asia will be useful for students and scholars of East Asian Politics, Comparative Politics, and Asian Studies.

Vietnam

International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

Published: 2019-07-16

Total Pages: 94


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This 2019 Article IV Consultation with Vietnam highlights that gradual fiscal consolidation, strict limits on government guarantees and robust growth in recent years have led to declining government debt, expected to continue under current policies. But while there is some fiscal space, fiscal needs are large, for infrastructure, social spending and to deal with population aging. The tightening of credit growth continued in 2018; however, liquidity remained ample, aided by the strong balance of payments and tight fiscal policies. The State Bank of Vietnam has initiated plans to modernize its monetary framework with IMF technical support. The authorities’ efforts to improve economic institutions and governance continue and the fight against grand corruption has resulted in significant sentences in recent high-profile cases. Improvements in transparency and statistical systems are underway, with support from the IMF and the Financial Action Task Force’s Asia Pacific Group.
Viet Nam envisions a completely competitive power sector in the long term, including full wholesale and retail competition. To attain this goal, it unbundled its power sector's monopoly structure and instituted institutional, regulatory, and pricing reforms. Although considerable progress has been made, implementation has not been expeditious, with the government still retaining a strong vested ownership and management interest in the power sector. Further restructuring is needed to ensure complete independence of the system players and to attain pricing transparency. In this country report, the Asian Development Bank assesses Viet Nam's experience in reforming its power sector for insights that other Asian developing economies could find useful when pursuing their own power sector planning and policy and strategy formulation.
This Toolkit provides an overall framework with practical tools and information to help policymakers design and implement corporate governance reforms for state-owned enterprises. It concludes with guidance on managing the reform process, in particular how to prioritize and sequence reforms, build capacity, and engage with stakeholders.