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In late 1986, AFGL launched the Polar BEAR satellite, which was designed for UV imagery of the northern pole region. The AIRS scanning ultraviolet photometer aboard the satellite provides images of day and night auroral structures of unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution at 2 working spectral windows simultaneously. It is necessary to apply geometric and photometric corrections to the image in order to enhance and map it onto the ionosphere. Furthermore, satellite attitude corrections are imperative to assure that image coordinates are properly rotated to the real-time body reference system. To the best knowledge of the authors, this project is the first one to fully include geometric and photometric corrections to VUV images of the ionosphere. (aw).
The AIRS scanning ultraviolet photometer aboard the Polar Bear satellite was launched in late 1986. It was designed to obtain UV images with high spatial and wavelength resolution at several emission lines simultaneously. The objective of the program is to geometrically and photometrically calibrate the data. The processing is designed to provide kilometer-scaled images that can be projected upon various coordinate systems. These tools afford studies of the spatial and temporal variability of airglow and aurora. Each data-stream from a pass is converted to a 240 x 240 image representing 5000 x 5000km records of intensity. The major progress during the report period has been modification and development of programs to accomplish the following: 1) A Chapman function correction to the solar flux dependence of the intensity, resulting with a successful daytime fit of power unity of above variable to pixel brightness. 2) Separation of night-glow domain to ordinary and continuous (24 hr) night regions. 3) Projection of images onto dipole & corrected geomagnetic coordinate systems. 4) Comparison of auroral arcs with known auroral oval and initiation of a UV oval from input images. Keywords: Aurora; Ultraviolet; Image processing; Airglow. (jhd).
Polar BEAR (Polar Beacon and Auroral Research) will carry three ionospheric experiments: (1) a beacon functionally identical to that on HiLat, (2) a three-axis vector magnetometer for detecting the satellite's attitude, and (3) an improved imager, the Auroral/Ionospheric Remote Sensor (AIRS). In addition to providing images of the aurora and airglow at four visual and vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths, AIRS will function as an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Using AIRS in its imaging mode and receiving stations it will be possible to obtain images of essentially the entire auroral oval in broad daylight as well as in darkness. Polar BEAR is scheduled for launch into a nearly circular orbit near 1000 km altitude an 82 inclination. That orbit will afford a broad view for AIRS and many opportunities for coordinated observations of (1) scintillation using the beacons on both HiLat and Polar BEAR, (2) major current systems flowing between the ionosphere and magnetosphere using the magnetometers on both satellites, and (3) energetic electron precipitation and ambient plasma convection at 800 km altitude as recorded with HiLat's electron spectrometer and thermal-plasma monitor. These observations should contribute to further understanding of plasma instrumental to the development of density irregularities in the highly dynamic high latitude ionosphere.